Therapeutic compositions for treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders

ABSTRACT

The invention comprises a composition with means to inhibit the function of the inflammatory cytokine IL-17 and methods for using this composition to treat IL-17-mediated ocular inflammatory disorders. The invention also discloses devices for delivering this composition to the eye.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/063,088, filed Mar. 7, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,872,901, issued on Jan. 23, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/812,084, filed Jan. 3, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,309,313, issued on Apr. 12, 2016, which is a national stage application, filed under 35 U.S.C. § 371, of International Application No. PCT/US2009/000114, filed Jan. 9, 2009, which claims the priority benefit of provisional application U.S. Ser. No. 61/010,566, filed Jan. 9, 2008, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

INCORPORATION OF SEQUENCE LISTING

The contents of the text file named 36770-506001WO_ST25, which was created on Dec. 14, 2017, and is 128 KB in size, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to the field of ophthalmology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ocular surface inflammatory disorders are one of the major causes of visual impairments. Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), which is also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a predominant ocular surface inflammatory disorder. Current knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of ocular surface inflammatory disorders remains inadequate and current treatments provide only temporary and incomplete symptomatic relief.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention comprises a method for inhibiting or reducing the severity of an IL-17-mediated ocular surface inflammatory disorder by locally administering to an eye of a subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine such as binding of an inflammatory IL-17 cytokine to an IL-17 receptor or other elements of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. The claimed compositions and methods fulfill a need for a treatment of an IL-17-mediated ocular surface inflammatory disorders that not only completely addresses the symptoms of this condition, but also affects the underlying biological mechanism. The ability of the methods described herein to target molecular signaling pathways that lead to ocular surface inflammatory disorders provides a long-term solution for treating these common, yet, complex conditions.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the claimed invention inhibits the activity of IL-17A or IL-17F. Alternatively, the composition of the claimed invention inhibits the activity of IL-17A and IL-17F. In another preferred embodiment the composition of the claimed invention inhibits the activity of IL-17RA or IL-17RC. Alternatively, the composition of the claimed invention inhibits the activity of IL-17RA a IL-17-mediated ocular surface inflammatory disorders of the invention comprise penetrating keratoplasty, corneal transplantation, lamellar or partial thickness transplantation, selective endothelial transplantation, corneal neovascularization, keratoprosthesis surgery, corneal ocular surface inflammatory conditions, conjunctival scarring disorders, autoimmune conditions, Pemphigoid syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, allergy, severe allergic (atopic) eye disease, conjunctivitis, and microbial keratitis. IL-17-mediated ocular surface inflammatory disorders comprise severe allergic (atopic) eye disease. Preferably, IL-17-mediated ocular surface inflammatory disorders do not comprise uveitis, intraocular conditions, or inflammation of interior tissues of the eye.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the IL-17-mediated ocular surface inflammatory disorder is Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). Synonyms and related disorders of DES include, but are not limited to, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), Sjögren syndrome (SS), Sjögren syndrome associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca, non-Sjögren syndrome associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca, keratitis sicca, sicca syndrome, xerophthalmia, tear film disorder, decreased tear production, aqueous tear deficiency (ATD), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and evaporative loss. The subject is identified as suffering from DES or a related disorder by detecting a sign or symptom selected from the group consisting of dry, scratchy, stingy, itchy, burning or pressured sensations, irritation, pain, redness, inflammation, discharge, and excessive eye watering. Alternatively, a subject is identified as suffering from DES or a related disorder if their tear composition is insufficient for proper eye tissue lubrication. The method of therapy inhibits or reduces the severity of at least one of these signs or symptoms.

Dry eye is a multifactorial disorder of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface (emp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21:221-2). For a more detailed definition, see The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop. Ocular Surface. 2007 April; 5(2):75-92, herein incorporated by reference. The method of therapy inhibits or reduces the severity of at least one of these signs or symptoms.

The method comprises administration of a compound that inhibits binding of an inflammatory IL-17 cytokine to the IL-17 receptor complex. Preferred formulations are in the form of a solid, a paste, an ointment, a gel, a liquid, an aerosol, a mist, a polymer, a contact lens, a film, an emulsion, or a suspension. The formulations are administered topically, e.g., the composition is delivered and directly contacts the eye. The composition is present at a concentration of 0.01-50% (weight/volume). For example, the inhibitory composition is present at concentrations of 1% (weight/volume), 10% (weight/volume), 20% (weight/volume), 25% (weight/volume), 30% (weight/volume), 40% (weight/volume), 50% (weight/volume), or any percentage point in between. The method does not involve systemic administration or planned substantial dissemination of the composition to non-ocular tissue.

Optionally, the composition further contains a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. Exemplary pharmaceutical carriers include, but are not limited to, compounds selected from the group consisting of a physiological acceptable salt, poloxamer analogs with carbopol, carbopol/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), carbopol-methyl cellulose, a mucolytic agent, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, and petroleum. In one embodiment, the mucolytic agent is N-acetyl cysteine.

All polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are purified and/or isolated. As used herein, an “isolated” or “purified” nucleic acid molecule, polynucleotide, polypeptide, or protein, is substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. Purified compounds are at least 60% by weight (dry weight) the compound of interest. Preferably, the preparation is at least 75%, more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 99%, by weight the compound of interest. Purity is measured by any appropriate standard method, for example, by column chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or HPLC analysis.

A method for inhibiting or reducing the severity of Dry Eye Syndrome is also carried out by locally administering to an eye of a subject a composition comprising a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, an antibody, a compound, or a small molecule that inhibits or modifies the transcription, transcript stability, translation, modification, localization, secretion, or function of a polynucleotide or polypeptide encoding an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine or any component of the IL-17 receptor complex.

The composition may comprise a neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against IL-17 and/or a receptor complex. The neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against IL-17 may be a reformulated or humanized derivative of or bind to the epitope of human IL-17 affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #AF-317-NA, R&D Systems), human IL-17 allophycocyanin monoclonal antibody (clone 41802)(Catalog #IC3171A, R&D Systems), human IL-17 biotinylated affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #BAF317, R&D Systems), human IL-17 monoclonal antibody (clone 41802)(Catalog #MAB3171, R&D Systems), human IL-17 monoclonal antibody (clone 41809)(Catalog #MAB317, R&D Systems), human IL-17 phycoerythrin monoclonal antibody (clone 41802)(Catalog #IC3171P, R&D Systems), mouse IL-17 affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #AF-421-NA, R&D Systems), mouse IL-17 biotinylated affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #BAF421, R&D Systems), mouse IL-17 monoclonal antibody (clone 50101)(Catalog #MAB721, R&D Systems), or mouse IL-17 monoclonal antibody (clone 50104)(Catalog #MAB421, R&D Systems). Preferably, the neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against IL-17 may be a reformulated or humanized derivative of or bind to the epitope of monoclonal anti-human IL-17 antibody, (Clone: 41809, Catalog #MAB317, R&D Systems), anti-human IL-17 antibody, polyclonal raised in Goat, (Catalog #AF-317-NA, R&D Systems), or recombinant human IL-17 R/Fc chimera (Catalog #177-IR, R&D Systems).

The neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against an IL-17 receptor (II-17R) may be a reformulated or humanized derivative of or bind to the epitope of human IL-17R affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #AF177, R&D Systems), human IL-17R allophycocyanin monoclonal antibody (clone 133617)(Catalog #FAB177A, R&D Systems), human IL-17R biotinylated affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #BAF177, R&D Systems), human IL-17R fluorescein monoclonal antibody (clone 133617) (Catalog #FAB177F, R&D Systems), human IL-17R monoclonal antibody (clone 133617)(Catalog #MAB177, R&D Systems), human IL-17R monoclonal antibody (clone 133621)(Catalog #MAB1771, R&D Systems), human IL-17R phycoerythrin monoclonal antibody (clone 133617)(Catalog #FAB177P, R&D Systems), mouse IL-17R affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #AF448A, R&D Systems), mouse IL-17R biotinylated affinity purified polyclonal antibody (Catalog #BAF448, R&D Systems), or mouse IL-17R monoclonal antibody (clone 105828)(Catalog #MAB448, R&D Systems).

The neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against an IL-17 may be a reformulated or humanized derivative of, or bind to the epitope of, one or more formats of mouse anti-IL-17A (SKU #s including but not limited to, 7172, 7173, 7175, 7177, 8171, 7371, 7971, and 7370, eBioscience) or mouse anti-IL-17F (SKU #s including, but not limited to, 7471 and 8471, eBioscience). The neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against an IL-17 may be a reformulated or humanized derivative of one or more formats of human anti-IL-17A (SKU #s including, but not limited to, 7178, 7179, 8179, 7176, 7976, and 7876 or human anti-IL-17F SKU #s including, but not limited to, 8479, eBioscience). Preferably, the neutralizing or function-blocking antibody against an IL-17 may be a reformulated or humanized derivative of, or bind to the epitope of functional grade purified anti-human IL-17A antibody (Clone: eBio64CAP17, Catalog #16-7178. eBioscience).

Alternatively, the composition may comprise an intrabody that binds to the IL-17 receptor complex or any synthetic intermediate of IL-17 or the IL-17 receptor complex. The composition may alternatively, or in addition, comprise a soluble fragment of the IL-17 receptor complex which binds IL-17.

Exemplary polypeptides include, but are not limited to, fusion and/or chimeric proteins capable of disrupting IL-17 function. Moreover, the composition comprises morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, microRNAs (miRNAs), short hairpin RNA (shRNA), or short interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence gene expression.

Contemplated function-blocking antibodies targeted against an IL-17 cytokine or an IL-17 receptor are monoclonal or polyclonal. The contemplated antibody binds to one or more sequences within an IL-17 or IL-17 receptor polypeptide. The antibody is alternatively an intrabody. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a single chain, a humanized, a recombinant, or a chimeric antibody. One or more compounds are directly or indirectly conjugated onto this antibody.

Antagonists of IL-17 and/or its receptor complex are administered either simultaneously or sequentially with a secondary composition comprising one or more of the following: an antibiotic, an immunosuppressive composition, an anti-inflammatory composition, a growth factor, a steroid, a chemokine, or a chemokine receptor.

The composition comprises microRNA molecules adapted for topical administration to ocular or adnexal tissues in order to silence gene expression. Exemplary miRNAs that bind to human IL-17R include, but are not limited to, miR-24 (SEQ ID NO:33), miR-378 (SEQ ID NO:34), and let-7 g (SEQ ID NO:35).

Small molecules are organic or inorganic. Exemplary organic small molecules include, but are not limited to, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, esters, mono- and disaccharides, aromatic hydrocarbons, amino acids, and lipids. Exemplary inorganic small molecules comprise trace minerals, ions, free radicals, and metabolites. Alternatively, small molecule inhibitors can be synthetically engineered to consist of a fragment, or small portion, or a longer amino acid chain to fill a binding pocket of an enzyme. Typically small molecules are less than one kilodalton.

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises one or more antibiotic compositions to be used in combination with an antagonist of IL-17 function. The antibiotic and IL-17 antagonist compositions are administered simultaneously or sequentially. Exemplary antibiotic compositions used for combination-therapy with antagonists of IL-17 function include but are not limited to, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, troleandomycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin, clozacillin, dicloxacillin, flucozacillin, mezlocillin, nafcillin, penicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, bacitracin, colistin, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, oflazacin, trovafloxacin, mafenide, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole, demeclocycline, soxycycline, minocycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, or tetracycline.

The composition comprises an antagonist of an IL-17 cytokine or an IL-17 receptor complex, administered simultaneously or sequentially with a second immunosuppressive composition. The composition comprising an IL-17 or IL-17R antagonist is administered topically. The second immunosuppressive composition is administered topically or systemically.

The immunosuppressive compound comprises cyclosporin A or analogs thereof a concentration of 0.05-4.0% (mg/ml). Alternatively, or in addition, the immunosuppressive composition comprises a glucocorticoid, a cytostatic agent, an alkylating agent (nitrogen mustards/cyclophosphamide, nitrosoureas, platinum compounds), an antimetabolic agent (methotrexate, any folic acid analog, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, any purine analog, any pyrimidine analog, any inhibitor of protein synthesis), a cytotoxic antibiotic (dactinomycin, an anthracycline, mitomycin C, bleomycin, mithramycin), a polyclonal antibody (Atgam®, Thympglobuline®, any antibody against the antilymphocyte or antithymocyte antigens), a monoclonal antibody (OKT3®, any antibody against the T-cell receptor, any antibody against IL-2, basiliximab/Simulect®, declizumab/Zenapax®), Tacrolimus/Prograf™/FK506, Sirolimus/Rapamune™/Rapamycin, interferon beta, interferon gamma, an opioid, a TNFα binding protein, mycophenolate, or FTY720.

The composition comprises a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, an antibody, or a small molecule that binds or modifies the function of IL-17 or IL-17R administered topically with a pharmaceutically appropriate carrier. Delivery methods for polynucleotide compositions include, but are not limited to, liposomes, receptor-mediated delivery systems, naked DNA, and engineered viral vectors such as herpes viruses, retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses, among others. Polynucleotide compositions are administered topically with a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier, e.g., a liquid carrier, which is aqueous or partly aqueous. Alternatively, polynucleotide sequences within the composition are associated with a liposome (e.g., a cationic or anionic liposome).

A number of methods have been developed for delivering short DNA or RNA sequences into cells; e.g., polynucleotide molecules can be contacted directly onto the tissue site, or modified polynucleotide molecules, designed to specifically target desired cell types (e.g., sequences linked to peptides or antibodies that specifically bind receptors or antigens expressed on the target cell surface).

A preferred approach uses a recombinant DNA construct in which the short polynucleotide sequence is placed under the control of a strong polymerase III or polymerase II promoter. The use of such a construct will result in the transcription of sufficient amounts of polynucleotide that will form complementary base pairs with the endogenous transcripts of nucleic acids of the invention and thereby prevent translation of endogenous mRNA transcripts. The invention encompasses the construction of a short polynucleotide using the complementary strand as a template. For example, a vector can be introduced in vivo such that it is taken up by a cell and directs the transcription of an interfering RNA or precursor to a double stranded RNA molecule. Alternatively, the template for the short polynucleotide transcript is placed under the transcriptional control of a cell-type specific promoter or other regulatory element. Thus, diffusion or absorption of a topically administered composition beyond the intended ocular target tissue does not cause deleterious or systemic side effects. The vector remains episomal or becomes chromosomally integrated, as long as it can be transcribed to produce the desired polynucleotide.

Vectors are constructed by recombinant DNA technology methods standard in the art. Vectors can be plasmid, viral, or others known in the art, used for replication and expression in mammalian cells. Expression of the sequence encoding the short polynucleotide can be placed under the control of any promoter known in the art to act in mammalian, preferably human cells. Promoters are inducible or constitutive. Exemplary promoters include, but are not limited to: the SV40 early promoter region (Bernoist et al., Nature 290:304, 1981); the promoter contained in the 3′ long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (Yamamoto et al., Cell, 22:787-797, 1988); the herpes thymidine kinase promoter (Wagner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78:1441, 1981); or the regulatory sequences of the metallothionein gene (Brinster et al., Nature, 296:39, 1988).

Polypeptide compositions are associated with liposomes alone or in combination with receptor-mediated delivery systems, to enable transport across the plasma membrane. Polypeptide compositions are soluble or membrane-bound. An exemplary receptor-mediated delivery system involves fusion of a low-density or very-low-density lipoprotein containing particle or vesicle to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) as observed with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and HCV-mediated drug delivery methods.

Compositions comprise one or more extracellular or intracellular antibodies, also called intrabodies, raised against IL-17 or an IL-17 receptor complex. Extracellular antibodies are topically administered with a pharmacologically appropriate aqueous or non-aqueous carrier. Sequences encoding intracellular antibodies are subcloned into a viral or mammalian expression vector, packed in a lipophilic device to facilitate transport across the plasma membrane, and topically administered to eye tissue with a pharmacologically appropriate aqueous or non-aqueous carrier. Once inside the plasma membrane, host cell machinery transcribes, translates, and processes the intrabody code to generate an intracellular function-blocking antibody targeted against IL-17 or an IL-17 receptor complex. In the case of secreted molecules, intracellular antibodies prevent post-translational modification or secretion of the target protein. In the case of membrane-bound molecules, intracellular antibodies prevent intracellular signaling events upon receptor engagement by IL-17 cytokines.

The composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or an IL-17 receptor complex function in combination with other inhibitory elements. Antagonists of IL-17 and/or an IL-17 receptor complex and other inhibitory elements are administered simultaneously or sequentially. In one embodiment, the composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or IL-17 receptor function and an antagonist of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Exemplary functional blockers of TNFα include, but are not limited to, recombinant and/or soluble TNFα receptors, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule antagonists and/or inverse agonists. One or more commercially-available TNF-α blocking agents are reformulated for topical administration in this embodiment. Exemplary commercial TNF-α blocking agents used for reformulation include, but are not limited to, etanerept/Embrel, infliximab/Remicade, and adalimumab/Humira. Alternatively, the composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or IL-17 receptor function and antagonist(s) of one or more interleukin cytokines. Exemplary cytokines include, but are not limited to, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-23. In another embodiment, the composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or IL-17 receptor function and antagonist(s) of one or more member(s) of the vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) family composed of growth factors and receptors (VEGFR). Exemplary members include, but are not limited to, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. In another embodiment, the composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or IL-17 receptor function and an antagonist of interferon-gamma. In another embodiment, the composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or IL-17 receptor function and antagonist(s) of one or more chemokines and their receptors. Exemplary chemokines and receptors comprised by the composition of this embodiment include, but are not limited to, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3).

In embodiments wherein the composition comprises an antagonist of IL-17 and/or IL-17 receptor function and a second composition, the respective doses of the IL-17 antagonist to the second composition is a ratio between 1:10 and 10:1 (mass/weight). Alternatively, the ratio is 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, or 9:1.

The invention also comprises a contact lens device consisting of a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine and a pharmaceutically compatible polymer. This composition also comprises a combination of antagonists of IL-17 or IL-17 receptor function as well as secondary compositions. For example, the composition is incorporated into or coated onto said lens. The composition is either chemically bound or physically entrapped by the contact lens polymer. The contact lens is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

The invention comprises a drug-delivery device consisting of a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-1 cytokine and a pharmaceutically compatible polymer. This composition also comprises a combination of antagonists of IL-17 or IL-17 receptor function as well as secondary compositions. For example, the composition is incorporated into or coated onto said polymer. The composition is either chemically bound or physically entrapped by the polymer. The polymer is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The polymer device comprises multiple physical arrangements. Exemplary physical forms of the polymer device include, but are not limited to, a film, a scaffold, a chamber, a sphere, a microsphere, a stent, or other structure. The polymer device has internal and external surfaces. The device has one or more internal chambers. These chambers contain one or more compositions. The device contains polymers of one or more chemically-differentiable monomers. The subunits or monomers of the device polymerize in vitro or in vivo.

The invention comprises a device comprising a polymer and a bioactive composition incorporated into or onto said polymer, wherein said bioactive composition inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine, and wherein said device is implanted or injected into an ocular surface tissue, an adnexal tissue in contact with an ocular surface tissue, a fluid-filled ocular or adnexal cavity, or an ocular or adnexal cavity.

Exemplary mucoadhesive polyanionic natural or semi-synthetic polymers from which the device is formed include, but are not limited to, polygalacturonic acid, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethylamylose, carboxymethylchitin, chondroitin sulfate, heparin sulfate, and mesoglycan. In one embodiment, the device comprises a biocompatible polymer matrix that may optionally be biodegradable in whole or in part. A hydrogel is one example of a suitable polymer matrix material. Examples of materials which can form hydrogels include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, PLGA polymers, alginates and alginate derivatives, gelatin, collagen, agarose, natural and synthetic polysaccharides, polyamino acids such as polypeptides particularly poly(lysine), polyesters such as polyhydroxybutyrate and poly-.epsilon.-caprolactone, polyanhydrides; polyphosphazines, poly(vinyl alcohols), poly(alkylene oxides) particularly poly(ethylene oxides), poly(allylamines)(PAM), poly(acrylates), modified styrene polymers such as poly(4-aminomethylstyrene), pluronic polyols, polyoxamers, poly(uronic acids), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and copolymers of the above, including graft copolymers. In another embodiment, the scaffolds may be fabricated from a variety of synthetic polymers and naturally-occurring polymers such as, but not limited to, collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, agarose, and laminin-rich gels.

One preferred material for the hydrogel is alginate or modified alginate material. Alginate molecules are comprised of (1-4)-linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M units) and α L-guluronic acid (G units) monomers which vary in proportion and sequential distribution along the polymer chain. Alginate polysaccharides are polyelectrolyte systems which have a strong affinity for divalent cations (e.g. Ca⁺², Mg⁺², Ba⁺²) and form stable hydrogels when exposed to these molecules. See Martinsen A., et al., Biotech. & Bioeng., 33 (1989) 79-89.

An embodiment of the invention utilizes an alginate or other polysaccharide of a lower molecular weight, preferably of size which, after dissolution, is at the renal threshold for clearance by humans. Polymeric devices are located topically or subcutaneously, though very superficially, wherein either a composition chemically bound or physically entrapped by the polymeric device or the device itself, degrades and must be cleared from the body. For a biodegradable polymeric device, it is preferred that the alginate or polysaccharide is reduced to a molecular weight of 1000 to 80,000 daltons, more preferably 1000 to 60,000 daltons, particularly preferably 1000 to 50,000 daltons. It is also useful to use an alginate material of high guluronate content since the guluronate units, as opposed to the mannuronate units, provide sites for ionic crosslinking through divalent cations to gel the polymer.

Internal and external surfaces optionally contain pores. Pores are either created prior to administration into a subject or result from the inclusion of pore-forming agents within the device that perforate surfaces upon administration to a subject. Exemplary pore forming agents include, but are not limited to, water soluble compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars. Pore forming agents are added as particulates and comprise between one and thirty percent (weight/weight of polymer). Pore size is sufficient for diffusion of proteins but not large enough cell migration into or out of the device.

The device is administered topically, subconjunctively, or in the episcleral space, subcutaneously, or intraductally. Specifically, the device is placed on or just below the surface if an ocular tissue. Alternatively, the device is placed inside a tear duct or gland. The composition incorporated into or onto the polymer is released or diffuses from the device.

The invention comprises a composition with variable physical and chemical forms; however, the composition is topically administered and contacts an eye directly. The composition is administered as a solid, a paste, an ointment, a gel, a liquid, an aerosol, a mist, a polymer, a film, an emulsion, or a suspension. Furthermore, the composition is incorporated into or coated onto a contact lens or drug delivery device, from which one or more molecules diffuse away from the lens or device or are released in a temporally-controlled manner. In this embodiment, the contact lens composition either remains on the ocular surface, e.g. if the lens is required for vision correction, or the contact lens dissolves as a function of time simultaneously releasing the composition into closely juxtaposed tissues. Similarly, the drug delivery device is optionally biodegradable or permanent in various embodiments.

In one preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a composition with means to inhibit the transcription, transcript stability, translation, modification, localization, secretion, or receptor binding of IL-17. In one preferred embodiment, the composition is capable of binding to one or more regions of an IL-17 mRNA transcript or the IL-17 polypeptide. Alternatively, the composition is capable of binding to one or more regions of an IL-17 mRNA transcript or an IL-17 polypeptide selected from the group consisting of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F. In another preferred embodiment, the composition is capable of binding to one or more regions of an IL-17A mRNA transcript or the IL-17F polypeptide.

The composition comprises an antagonist or inverse agonist of a receptor for IL-17. IL-17 receptors comprise IL-17RA, IL-17RB, IL-17RC, IL-17RD, and IL-17RE. Preferably IL-17RA and IL-17RC are targeted by an antagonist or inverse agonist. In this embodiment an antagonist is defined as a binding partner, or ligand, of an IL-17R that inhibits the function of an agonist, IL-17, or inverse agonist by blocking its binding to the receptor. An inverse agonist is defined as a molecule which binds to the same IL-17R binding-site as an agonist, for instance, IL-17, but exerts the opposite pharmacological effect. The composition contains a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, an antibody, a compound, or a small molecule that binds to a region of an IL-17R mRNA or polypeptide.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a human recombinant IL-17R antagonist either in pure form, or as a component of a mixture. The human recombinant IL-17R antagonist is combined with balanced saline, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or hyaluronic acid (HA), or other vehicles prior to the composition contacting the ocular surface. Within these mixtures, the human recombinant IL-17R antagonist comprises at least 0.1%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% or at most 50% of the total volume administered. Purified is defined as the antagonist in the absence of unrelated polynucleotides, polypeptides, cellular organelles, or lipids. Purified defines a degree of sterility that is safe for administration to a human subject, e.g. lacking infectious or toxic agents.

The invention provides a method of restoring or augmenting regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression in a subject with an IL-17-mediated ocular disease including administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine, restoring or augmenting regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression. Alternatively, or in addition, the invention also provides a method of restoring or augmenting regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression in a subject with dry eye including administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine, thereby restoring or augmenting regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression. Alternatively, the subject has an ocular disorder.

Furthermore, the invention provides a method of reducing Th17 cell abundance in an ocular, adnexal, or lymph tissue of a subject in need thereof including administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine. For example, a method of decreasing or inhibiting secretion of lymphangiogenesis-specific growth factors in an ocular or adnexal tissue of a subject with dry eye is carried out by administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine, thereby inhibiting lymphangiogenesis. In certain embodiments of the invention, the lymphangiogenesis-specific growth factors are VEGF-C, VEGF-D, a VEGF receptor, or a combination thereof. Moreover, the invention provides a method of decreasing or inhibiting secretion of lymphangiogenesis-specific growth factors in an ocular or adnexal tissue of a subject with an IL-17-mediated ocular disease including administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine, thereby inhibiting lymphangiogenesis.

Furthermore, the invention provides a method of reducing macrophage and monocyte cell abundance or concentration in an ocular, adnexal, or lymph tissue of a subject in need thereof including administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine.

A method of reducing pathogenic immune cell abundance in an ocular, adnexal, or lymph tissue of a subject in need thereof includes administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine. As used herein, the term “pathogenic immune cell” is meant to describe any immune cell that exacerbates, induces, reduces the time to onset, or prolongs the appearance a sign or symptom of an ocular disease. Pathogenic immune cells in this context antagonize or decrease an IL-17 inhibiting activity of compositions of the invention.

Pathogenic lymphatic vessel growth in an ocular, or adnexal tissue of a subject is inhibited or reduced by administering to the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine. Pathogenic lymphatic vessel growth encompasses lymphatic vessel growth that exacerbates, induces, reduces the time to onset, or prolongs the appearance a sign or symptom of an ocular disease. Moreover, pathogenic lymphatic vessel growth antagonizes or decreases an IL-17 inhibiting activity of compositions of the invention. Alternatively, or in addition, pathogenic lymphatic vessel growth occurs prior to, simultaneously with, or following the presentation of an IL-17-mediated ocular disease. Pathogenic lymphatic vessel growth includes the ability of lymphatic vessels to expand within or to invade corneal tissue or describes the potential and/or actual growth, expansion, elaboration, splitting, or remodeling of lymphatic vessels either within a corneal tissue or from a non-corneal tissue (such as the adjacent limbus) into corneal tissue. Alternatively, or in addition, pathogenic lymphatic vessel growth permits or induces the transport of immune cells, which encompasses the unidirectional or bidirectional movement or deposition of an immune cell between a corneal tissue and a non-corneal tissue, preferably, a lymph node or other sites in the lymphoid compartment. Exemplary immune cells is include, but are not limited to, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells.

The invention also provides a method for reducing corneal nerve damage in a subject in need thereof, including the steps of: (a) identifying a subject with corneal nerve damage; and (b) locally administering to the cornea of the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine, thereby enhancing corneal nerve regeneration, reducing the development of abnormalities in nerve morphology, and reducing corneal nerve damage.

In certain embodiments of the above method, the subject is identified as having corneal nerve damage or loss that results from a congenital defect, disease, trauma, medical or surgical procedure. Alternatively, or in additional, the subject is identified as having corneal nerve damage or loss that results from neurotrophic keratitis, herpes simplex, zoster keratitis, diabetes mellitus, trigeminal nerve damage, orbital or head surgery, head trauma, aneurysm, intracranial neurologic disease, keratorefractive procedures, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), congenital defect, ocular surface disease, dry eye syndrome, a non-ophthalmic disorder, a non-ophthalmic procedure, peripheral neuropathy, or diabetic neuropathy.

The invention provides a method for preventing corneal nerve damage in a subject in need thereof, including the steps of: (a) identifying the subject at risk of exposure to corneal nerve damage; and (b) locally administering to the cornea of the subject a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-17 cytokine prior to the exposure, thereby decreasing nerve degeneration, reducing the development of abnormalities in nerve morphology, and preventing damage corneal nerve damage.

For example, the subject is identified as being at risk of exposure to corneal nerve damage or loss that could result from disease, trauma, or a medical procedure. Alternatively, or in addition, the subject is identified as being at risk of exposure to corneal nerve damage or loss that could result from neurotrophic keratitis, herpes simplex, zoster keratitis, diabetes mellitus, trigeminal nerve damage, orbital or head surgery, head trauma, aneurysm, intracranial neurologic disease, keratorefractive procedures, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), ocular surface disease, dry eye syndrome, a non-ophthalmic disorder, a non-ophthalmic procedure, peripheral neuropathy, or diabetic neuropathy.

The above methods further include the step of identifying a subject with a sign or symptom of corneal nerve damage or loss. For example, a sign of corneal nerve damage or loss is a decrease of corneal innervation or sensation, a reduction in the number of nerve fibers or bundles innervating the cornea, death of neurons innervating the cornea, a decrease or loss of neurotransmitter release, a decrease or loss of nerve growth factor release, abnormal tearing reflexes, abnormal blink reflexes, abnormal nerve morphology, appearance of abnormal nerve sprouts, abnormal tortuosity, increased bead-like nerve formations, thinning of nerve fiber bundles, or thickening of nerve fiber bundles. For example, a symptom of corneal nerve damage or loss is abnormal tear production or dryness, abnormal blinking, and difficulty or loss of ability to focus, decreased or lost visual acuity, or decreased or lost corneal sensitivity.

Signs or symptoms of corneal damage or abnormal nerve morphology are detected, analyzed, examined, and evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the central cornea or other imaging or diagnostic devices that allow for detection of corneal nerve damage. Exemplary devices for IVCM include, but are not limited to the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 with the Rostock Cornea Module (HRT3/RCM) (Heidelberg Engineering GMBH) and the Confoscan 4 Confocal Microscope (Nidek, Inc.). In certain embodiments of the above methods, IVCM is used to detect, analyze, examine, and evaluate the form and number of nerve fibers in the various corneal layers, as well as to discriminate between parallel running, bifurcating, branching, and interconnecting nerve fiber bundles. Alternatively or in addition, IVCM is used to detect, analyze, examine, and evaluate changes in the total number of nerves, changes in the length of nerves, nerve density, the presence or absence of abnormal nerve sprouts, the presence or absence of abnormal nerve fiber tortuosity, changes in number or morphology of bead-like nerve formations, and thinning versus thickening of nerve fiber bundles. In one aspect of the methods of the invention, IVCM is used to detect, analyze, examine, and evaluate nerve regeneration. Alternatively, or in addition, IVCM is used to detect, analyze, examine, and evaluate nerve degeneration. For instance, IVCM has been used to show an average of 6-8 corneal nerve bundles per image within the subbasal area of healthy individuals and nerve regeneration in patients who experienced nerve damage as a result of photoreceptive keratectomy.

In certain preferred embodiments, the above methods are performed on a corneal tissue.

Publications, U.S. patents and applications, Genbank/NCBI accession numbers, and all other references cited herein, are hereby incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Table 1 is a summary of mRNAs comprised in the invention, their human target genes, amino acid sequences, and their sequence identifier numbers.

FIG. 1 is a series of graphs depicting flow cytometric dots demonstrating increased frequency of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice with DES compared to those of normal mice (p=0.03).

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the fold change in IL-17 expression in normal versus DES mice. Conjunctiva of mice with DES expresses approximately a 2.5-3 fold increase in IL-17 mRNA abundance compared to those of normal mice.

FIG. 3A-B is a pair of photographs of immunofluorescence showing that IL-17RAs are constitutively expressed on the epithelium of (FIG. 3A) cornea and (FIG. 3B) conjunctiva of both normal mice as well as mice with DES.

FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the experimental design for FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, and FIG. 4D.

FIG. 4B is a graph showing the CFS score on days 1-5 of either control or IL-17 Ab treated corneas. More than 50% reduction in the DES-clinical score was observed during induction as well as progression phase of the disease in mice treated with anti-IL-17 antibody compared to those treated with control antibody

FIG. 4C is a series of graphs depicting flow cytometric dots demonstrating that a decreased frequency of IL-17+CD4+ T cells was observed in the draining lymph nodes of anti-IL-17 antibody treated group as compared to those of the control-antibody treated group.

FIG. 4D is a graph of the fold change in IL-17 mRNA expression in the conjunctiva of normal versus either IL-17 or Control Ab-treated groups. Conjunctiva of mice treated with anti-IL-17 antibody showed decreased IL-17 mRNA expression than those of treated with control antibody.

FIG. 5 is the Oxford schema for grading corneal and conjunctival staining (see, Example 4).

FIG. 6 is an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) 12-item questionnaire.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of an in vitro regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression assay using CD3 stimulated primed-T cells (isolated from the LN of dry eye mice) and Tregs (isolated from the LN of mice treated with anti-IL-17 or isotype antibodies). The data show a significant recovery in the suppressor potential of Tregs only in mice treated with anti-IL-17 antibody (i.p.) compared to those isolated from the isotype antibody treated groups (p=0.029). The suppressor potential of Tregs isolated from different groups is calculated in relation to the suppression potential of Tregs of normal mice, considered as 100%. The data suggest a reversal of regulatory-T cell (Treg) suppressor function by anti-IL-17 therapy.

FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of the experimental design to study the effects of in vivo IL-17 blockade using topical application of anti-IL-17 antibody or isotype-antibody on clinical signs.

FIG. 8B is a graph showing corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scores, a readout for the principal clinical sign of dry eye, in anti-IL-17 antibody-treated, isotype antibody-treated and untreated groups from Day 4 (base line) to Day 10.

FIG. 8C is a graph showing the percent change in CFS scores at Day 10 from baseline CFS scores (Day 4) in different groups. CFS scores are significantly lower in anti-IL-17 antibody-treated mice compared to isotype antibody-treated and untreated groups.

FIG. 9 is a pair of graphs showing that topical application of anti-IL-17 antibody reduces frequencies of pathogenic Th17 cells both in conjunctiva (Conj) (left) and the draining lymph nodes (LN) (right). Conjunctiva and the draining lymph nodes were harvested at day 10 (as shown in FIG. 8) from anti-IL-17 antibody and isotype antibody treated mice. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze mRNA expression levels of IL-17 (Th17 cells) and Foxp3 (Treg cells). Dotted line represents mRNA levels in normal controls.

FIG. 10A is a series of micrographs showing that topical application of anti-IL-17 antibody inhibits dry eye induced corneal lymphatic vessels via decreased secretion of lymphangiogenesis-specific growth factors, particularly VEGF-C and -D in dry eye corneas. Induction of new lymphatic vessels in dry eye corneas facilitate the migration of resident corneal antigen presenting cells to the draining lymph nodes which in turn induce generation of adaptive immunity to ocular surface. Representative micrographs of corneal whole mounts showing lymphatic vessels (LV) and blood vessels (BV) in different groups.

FIG. 10B is a graph showing that topical application of anti-IL-17 antibody inhibits dry eye induced corneal lymphatic vessels via decreased secretion of lymphangiogenesis-specific growth factors, particularly VEGF-C and -D in dry eye corneas. Induction of new lymphatic vessels in dry eye corneas facilitate the migration of resident corneal antigen presenting cells to the draining lymph nodes which in turn induce generation of adaptive immunity to ocular surface. Real-time PCR analysis of whole cornea showing mRNA levels of Interleukin-1 (IL1)-beta, IL1-alpha, and lymphatic vessel-specific growth factors VEGF-C and -D, and their cognate receptor, VEGFR-3. Dotted line represents mRNA levels in cornea of normal controls.

FIG. 11 is a series of micrographs and associated key showing that topical application of anti-IL-17 antibody maintains the normal phenotype of CD11b+ cells in cornea. Representative micrographs showing CD11b staining in corneas of different groups. Corneas of Anti-IL17-antibody treated group show that similar to normal cornea, majority of CD11b+ cells have phenotype of resident dendritic cells. However, corneas of Isotype-antibody treated group show that phenotype of majority of CD11b+ cells are similar to the infiltrating pathogenic macrophages/monocytes.

FIG. 12 is a series of micrographs showing that topical application of anti-IL-17 antibody prevents corneal nerve degeneration. Representative micrographs of corneal whole mount showing epithelial and sub-epithelial nerves (Tubulin-III, Red) in different groups. Patterns of nerves in the corneas of Anti-IL17-antibody treated group show similarity to those in the normal corneas, whereas corneas of Isotype-antibody treated group show loss of epithelial nerves.

FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the vicious circle of epithelial disease to nerve damage. IL-17 mediates corneal epithelial cell and nerve damage. Nerve damage can in turn exacerbate epithelial disease by lower provision of trophic factors necessary for epithelial cell health. The resultant increased level of inflammation and IL-17 overexpression also leads to lymphatic vessel invasion or growth into the cornea and the activation of immune cells, allowing the immune cells easier access from the cornea to the lymphoid compartment where autoimmunity is generated and chronic diseases sustained.

FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram of the experiments performed to generate the data of FIG. 14B.

FIG. 14B is a graph of the fold change in mRNA levels of lymphangiogenesis growth factors, such as VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, in human corneal epithelial cells treated with human-r-IL-17 (5 ng/ml).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Ocular Surface Inflammatory Disorders:

DES is a predominant ocular surface inflammatory disorder, however, other disorders are contemplated. Exemplary contemplated ocular surface inflammatory disorders include, but are not limited to, penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplantation), corneal neovascularization, allergy, conjunctivitis, and microbial keratitis. Contemplated disorders can be caused by autoimmune mechanisms, bone marrow transplant, surgery (general eye surgery, corneal transplantation, refractive surgery, LASIK), allergy, infection, trauma, injury, drug use, tear film abnormalities, contact lens use, neovascularization, tumor formation or growth, exposure to airborne or liquid irritants, hormonal variation, deprivation of essential fatty acids, and genetic predisposition.

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES):

DES and related diseases can be caused by autoimmune and environmental conditions as well as any activity that decreases the rate of blinking. Alternatively, DES and related diseases are caused by decreased tear production or a change in tear composition that results in inadequate lubrication of the eye. Contact lens use, eye surgery, and eye injury can induce DES. Finally, DES often occurs as a consequence of aging and hormonal changes.

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface (emp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21:221-2). For a more detailed definition, see The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop. Ocular Surface. 2007 April; 5(2):75-92, herein incorporated by reference. The method of therapy inhibits or reduces the severity of at least one of these signs or symptoms.

Synonyms and related diseases of DES include, but are not limited to, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), Sjögren syndrome (SS), Sjögren syndrome associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca, non-Sjögren syndrome associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca, keratitis sicca, sicca syndrome, xerophthalmia, tear film disorder, decreased tear production, aqueous tear deficiency (ATD), meibomian gland dysfunction, and evaporative loss. The subject is identified as suffering from DES or a related disorder by detecting a sign or symptom selected from the group consisting of dry, scratchy, stingy, itchy, burning or pressured sensations, irritation, pain, redness, inflammation, discharge, and excessive eye watering. Alternatively, a subject is identified as suffering from DES or a related disorder if their tear composition is insufficient for proper eye tissue lubrication. The method of therapy inhibits or reduces the severity of at least one of these signs or symptoms.

Th17 Cells

T lymphocytes are circulating small white blood cells that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. T helper cells (Th), also known as effector T cells, are one subgroup of T lymphocytes. Th17 cells are a recently-identified population of T helper cells that produce Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and have been shown to contribute to autoimmune conditions. Importantly, these cells have not been previously implicated in DES.

Determination of IL-17-Mediated Ocular Surface Inflammation

Exemplary tests used to determine the occurrence and severity of ocular surface inflammation include, but are not limited to, the following:

The Surface Disease Index (OSDI)

The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) is a 12-item questionnaire that provides a rapid assessment of the symptoms of ocular irritation consistent with ocular surface inflammatory disorders, including DES, and their impact on vision-related functioning (FIG. 6). The 12 items of the OSDI questionnaire are graded on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 indicates none of the time; 1, some of the time; 2, half of the time; 3, most of the time; and 4, all of the time. The total OSDI score is then calculated on the basis of the following formula: OSDI=[(sum of scores for all questions answered)×100]/[(total number of questions answered)×4]. Thus, the OSDI is scored on a scale of 0 to 100, with higher scores representing greater disability. A negative change from baseline indicates an improvement in vision-related function and the ocular inflammatory disorders described herein. For the therapeutic method described herein, treatment is considered more effective than control (vehicle) as indicated by a mean change (decrease) from baseline for the OSDI of >10 units compared to control.

Therapeutic treatment is considered more effective than the vehicle as indicated by a mean change from baseline of average score (0-100) for the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) of >10 units better than vehicle.

Corneal and Conjunctival Staining

Corneal staining is a measure of epithelial disease, or break in the epithelial barrier of the ocular surface, typically seen with ocular surface inflammatory disorders such as DES, among others. Importantly, corneal staining can exist even without clinically evident dry eye, if there is significant lid disease, such as posterior blepharitis. Corneal staining is highly correlated with ocular discomfort in many, though not all patients; in general corneal staining is associated with high scores in the OSDI, as described above. For corneal fluorescein staining, saline-moistened fluorescein strips or 1% sodium fluorescein solution are used to stain the tear film. The entire cornea is then examined using slit-lamp evaluation with a yellow barrier filter (#12 Wratten) and cobalt blue illumination (staining is more intense when it is observed with a yellow filter). Staining is graded according to the Oxford Schema (FIG. 5).

Conjunctival staining is a measure of epithelial disease or break in the epithelial barrier of the ocular surface, typically seen with ocular surface inflammatory disorders such as DES, among others. Importantly, conjunctival staining, similar to corneal staining, can exist even without clinically evident dry eye, if there is significant lid disease, such as posterior blepharitis. Conjunctival staining can also correlate with symptoms of ocular irritation and high OSDI scores as described above. Conjunctival staining is performed under the slit-lamp using lissamine green. Saline-moistened strip or 1% lissamine green solution is used to stain the tear film, and interpalpebral conjunctival staining is evaluated more than 30 seconds, but less than 2 minutes, later. Using white light of moderate intensity, only the interpalpebral region of the nasal and temporal conjunctival staining is graded using the Oxford Schema (FIG. 5). The treatment described herein leads to decreases in ocular staining scores beyond what is observed with the vehicle alone.

Therapeutic treatment is considered more effective than vehicle as indicated by a mean change from baseline in average score (0-5 scale) for corneal and conjunctival staining of >1 unit better than vehicle, e.g. as detected using the Oxford Schema.

Schirmer Test

The Schirmer test is performed in the presence and in the absence of anesthesia by placing a narrow filter-paper strip (5×3 5 mm strip of Whatman #41 filter paper) in the inferior cul-de-sac. This test is conducted in a dimly lit room. The patient gently closes his/her eyes until five minutes have elapsed and the strips are removed. Because the tear front will continue advancing a few millimeters after it has been removed from the eyes, the tear front is marked with a ball-point pen at precisely five minutes. Aqueous tear production is measured by the length in millimeters that the strip wets during 5 minutes. Results of 10 mm or less for the Schirmer test without anesthesia and 5 mm or less for the Schirmer test with anesthesia are considered abnormal. A positive change from baseline indicates improvement of one or more symptoms of an ocular inflammatory disorder described herein.

Conjunctiva Hyperemia

Bulbar conjunctival hyperemia is graded as follows:

-   None (0): none -   Mild (1): slight localized injection -   Moderate (2): pink color, confined to palpebral or bulbar     conjunctiva -   Severe (3): red color of the palpebral and/or bulbar conjunctiva -   Very Severe (4): marked dark redness of the palpebral and/or bulbar     conjunctiva     The presence or absence of tarsal papillary hypertrophy is also     noted.     Impression Cytology

Filter paper or other collection devices are used to collect cells and liquid samples from the ocular surface, tear ducts, or meibomian glands to be tested for the presence and/or abundance of an IL-17 cytokine, an IL-17 receptor, and/or a Th17 cell. The presence and/or abundance of RNA, DNA, or protein relating to an IL-17 cytokine or IL-17 receptor is determined by standard methods including, but not limited to, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), gel electrophoresis, probe hybridization, antibody detection, in situ hybridization, Western blot, Northern Blot, Southern Blot, fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), immunoprecipitation, gene chip analysis, protein chip analysis, cell culture methods, and cell sorting (see, Gulati A, Saccheti M, Bonini S, Dana R. Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Expression in Conjunctival Epithelium of Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124: 710-716; Argueso P, Balaram M, Spurr-Michaud S, Keutmann H T, Dana M R, Gipson I K. Decreased levels of goblet cell mucin MUC5AC in tears of Sjögren's syndrome patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002; 43: 1004-1011. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, Vol. 1, 2, 3 (1989), herein incorporated by reference).

Corneal Structure

The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light, and as a result helps the eye to focus, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. The cornea has unmyelinated nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals; a touch of the cornea causes an involuntary reflex to close the eyelid. Because transparency is of prime importance the cornea does not have blood vessels; it receives nutrients via diffusion from the tear fluid at the outside and the aqueous humor at the inside and also from neurotrophins supplied by nerve fibers that innervate it. In humans, the cornea has a diameter of about 11.5 mm and a thickness of 0.5-0.6 mm in the center and 0.6-0.8 mm at the periphery.

Transparency, avascularity, the presence of highly immature resident immune cells, and immunologic privilege makes the cornea a unique tissue. Immune privilege is meant to describe certain sites in the body that are able to tolerate the introduction of an antigen without eliciting an inflammatory immune response. The cornea has no blood supply, but rather, the cornea it gets oxygen directly through the air and the tears that bathe it. The human cornea, like that of other primates, has five layers. From the anterior to posterior they are the corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, the corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, and the corneal endothelium. The corneal epithelium is a thin epithelial multicellular tissue layer, stratified squamous epithelium, of continuously regenerating cells, kept moist with tears. Irregularity or edema of the corneal epithelium disrupts the smoothness of the air-tear film interface, the most significant component of the total refractive power of the eye, thereby reducing visual acuity. Bowman's layer, also known as the anterior limiting membrane, is a condensed layer of irregularly-arranged collagen, about 8-14 microns thick, that protects the corneal stroma. The corneal stroma, also known as the substantia propria, is a thick and transparent middle layer, consisting of regularly-arranged collagen fibers along with sparsely populated keratocytes. The corneal stroma consists of approximately 200 layers of type I collagen fibrils. Ninety percent of the corneal thickness is composed of the stroma. Descemet's membrane, also known as the posterior limiting membrane, is a thin and acellular layer that serves as the modified basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. The corneal endothelium is a simple squamous or low cuboidal monolayer of mitochondria-rich cells responsible for regulating fluid and solute transport between the aqueous and corneal stromal compartments. The corneal endothelium is bathed by aqueous humor, not by blood or lymph, and has a very different origin, function, and appearance from vascular endothelia. Unlike the corneal epithelium, the cells of the endothelium do not regenerate. Instead, corneal endothelial cells expand or spread to compensate for dead cells which reduces the overall cell density of the endothelium and impacts fluid regulation.

The cornea is one of the most sensitive tissues of the body, it is densely innervated with sensory nerve fibers via the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve by way of 70-80 long and short ciliary nerves. Nerves enter the cornea via three levels, scleral, episcleral and conjunctival. Most of the bundles subdivide and form a network in the stroma, from which fibers supply different regions of the cornea. Three exemplary networks are midstromal, subepithelial/Bowman's layer, and epithelium. Corneal nerves of the subepithelial layer converge and terminate near the apex of the cornea.

Corneal Innervation

The cornea is one of the most densely innervated tissues in the body and is abundantly supplied by different types of nerve fibers. Rabbit studies have revealed that the nerve density of the corneal epithelium is about 300-600 times as much as that of skin and 20-40 times that of the dental pulp. It is estimated that there are approximately 7000 sensory receptors per mm² in the human corneal epithelium, implying that injuries to individual epithelial cells may be adequate to give a pain perception (Exp Eye Res 2003; 76:521-42).

Most corneal nerve fibers are sensory in origin and are derived from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Nerve bundles enter the peripheral midstromal cornea in a radial fashion parallel to the corneal surface. Soon after entering the cornea, the main stromal bundles branch repeatedly and dichotomously into smaller fascicles that ascended into progressively more superficial layers of the stroma. Eventually the stromal nerve fibers turn abruptly 90°, penetrate Bowman's layer and proceed towards the corneal surface. After penetrating Bowman's layer, bundles divide and run parallel to the corneal surface between Bowman's layer and the basal epithelium, forming the subbasal nerve plexus. The density and number of nerves in the subbasal epithelial nerve plexus are significantly greater than the density and number of nerves in the remaining corneal layers. Subbasal fibers subsequently form branches that turn upward and enter the corneal epithelium between the basal cells to reach the wing cells, where they terminate (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996; 37:476-88).

Corneal nerve fibers mediate not only sensation but also exert critical trophic influences on the corneal epithelium and play a vital role to the preservation of a healthy ocular surface. Corneal sensation is a key mechanism in preventing injury through the blink reflex and reflex tearing. Enhanced epithelial cell proliferation is mediated by neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors released from corneal nerve endings (Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1989; 192:115-34). Dysfunction of corneal innervation produces a degenerative condition known as neurotrophic keratitis, which therefore renders the corneal surface vulnerable to occult injury and delayed healing of established corneal epithelial injuries. Most clinical cases of neurotrophic keratitis are caused by herpes simplex or zoster keratitis, diabetes mellitus, or by trigeminal nerve damage associated with orbital or head surgery, head trauma, aneurysms, or intracranial neurologic disease. Absent or reduced corneal sensation may be congenital in origin. Keratorefractive procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) can sever stromal and subbasal corneal nerves plexus and produce a transient mild to severe neurotrophic dry eye.

Intact corneal innervation is also mandatory for tearing reflexes. Under normal physiological conditions, sensory nerves in the cornea transmit an afferent stimulation signal to the brain stem and then, after a series of interneurons, the efferent signal is transmitted to the lacrimal gland through the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves that innervate the gland and drive tear production and secretion (Ocul Surf 2004; 2:76-91). Damage to this neural circuit interrupts the normal regulation of lacrimal gland secretion and causes dry eye disease. A reduction in neural drive from the cornea favors the occurrence of dry eye-associated ocular surface disease in two ways; first, by decreasing reflex-induced lacrimal secretion and by reducing the blink rate and, consequently, increasing evaporative loss; second, by decreasing the trophic factors to the epithelial layer. Damage to the sensory nerves in the ocular surface, particularly the cornea, as a consequence of refractive surgery and normal aging, prevents the normal reflex arc to the lacrimal gland and can result in decreased tear secretion and dry eye syndromes. Evidence for this mechanism comes from the clinical observation that dry eye syndrome frequently occurs after corneal refractive surgery. Clinical studies confirmed that tear production and secretion are reduced after LASIK surgery (Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1230-5). Hyposecretion of tears in dry eye may lead to pathologic alterations in corneal nerves and a decline in corneal sensitivity which subsequently perpetuate the dry eye state (Cornea 1996; 15:235-9).

Corneal Pathology

Ocular diseases that affect the corneal epithelium such as dry eye, exposure keratopathy, and other ocular surface diseases cause corneal nerve degeneration. On the other hand, normal neural drive is an essential requirement for corneal epithelium to heal and maintain its homeostasis. Therefore, corneal nerve alterations, either as a primary reason (refractive surgery) or just as the outcome of dryness and other corneal epithelial or ocular surface diseases, have crucial effects on the homeostasis of corneal epithelium, thus neatly contributing to the increase of the vicious circle of epithelial disease and nerve damage.

The Relationship Between Corneal Epithelial Disease and Corneal Nerve Damage

Ocular diseases that affect the corneal epithelium such as dry eye, exposure keratopathy, and other ocular surface diseases cause corneal nerve degeneration. On the other hand, normal neural drive and function are essential requirements for corneal epithelial healing and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis. Therefore, corneal nerve damage, either as a primary reason (inflicted by refractory surgery, herpetic eye disease, diabetes, or trigeminal nerve damage, e.g. fifth cranial nerve damage) or as a secondary outcome of dryness and other corneal epithelial or ocular surface diseases, can cause further damage to the corneal epithelium, thus contributing to the increase of the vicious circle of epithelial disease and nerve damage. In addition, IL-1 and corneal epithelial disease induce lymphatic vessel formation in the cornea. These lymphatic vessels are crucial for migration of resident and infiltrating antigen presenting cells and other immune cells, and drainage of corneal antigens, to the lymphoid compartment including draining lymph nodes and induction of adaptive immunity at the ocular surface, which ultimately leads to persistent and chronic ocular surface disease (see FIG. 13).

The Relationship Between Corneal Lymphatics and Inflammation

The normal human cornea has no lymphatic vessels. However in pathological conditions such as corneal epithelial disease, IL-17 induces lymphatic vessel formation in the cornea. These lymphatic vessels are crucial for migration of resident and infiltrating antigen presenting cells and other immune cells, and drainage of corneal antigens, to the lymphoid compartment including draining lymph nodes and induction of adaptive immunity against ocular surface, which ultimately leads to persistent and chronic ocular surface disease (see FIG. 13). In addition, corneal lymphatics play an important role in the induction of alloimmune response to corneal grafts in transplantations. The existence of corneal lymphatic vessels leads to increased rate of transplant rejections. Therapeutic inhibition of corneal lymphatics may thus enhance corneal transplant survival both in the high- and low-risk recipients.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17):

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine produced by a new lineage of CD4⁺ T cells (Th17). IL-17 signals through a heteromeric receptor complex composed of IL-17RA and IL-17RC. IL-17 has pleiotropic effects on several immune and non-immune cells, providing an association between T cell activation and the inflammatory response. Furthermore, IL-17 cooperates either additively or synergistically with other proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL1β or IL6, leading to amplification of inflammatory processes. IL-17, also known as IL-17A, is part of a larger family comprising 6 cytokines, referred to as IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F. All members of this family share a common protein structure. Among these family members, IL-17A and IL-17F are most frequently expressed in immune cells. In alternative embodiments of the invention, one or more of these family members are targeted by antagonists to inhibit or modify their activity.

The invention comprises compositions with means to inhibit or modify the activity of human IL-17, defined as the ability of this protein to bind an IL-17 receptor. Compositions that comprise an inhibitor of human IL-17 function antagonize the activity of an IL-17 receptor. The composition comprises a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, an antibody, a compound, or a small molecule, or a fragment thereof, with means to inhibit or modify the transcription, transcript stability, translation, modification, localization, secretion, or function of a polynucleotide or polypeptide encoding human IL-17. In a preferred embodiment, the inhibitory composition binds to one or more region(s)/fragment(s) of IL-17 comprised by SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.

A fragment, in the case of these sequences and all others provided herein, is defined as a part of the whole that is less than the whole. Moreover, a fragment ranges in size from a single nucleotide or amino acid within a polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence to one fewer nucleotide or amino acid than the entire polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence. Finally, a fragment is defined as any portion of a complete polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence, which is intermediate between the extremes defined above.

Human IL-17 is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_002190, alternatively called IL-17A, and SEQ ID NO: 1): (For all mRNA transcripts incorporated into the present application, the initiator methionine, encoded by the codon “atg,” is bolded and capitalized to delineate the start of the coding region.)

   1 gcaggcacaa actcatccat ccccagttga ttggaagaaa caacgATGac tcctgggaag    61 acctcattgg tgtcactgct actgctgctg agcctggagg ccatagtgaa ggcaggaatc   121 acaatcccac gaaatccagg atgcccaaat tctgaggaca agaacttccc ccggactgtg   181 atggtcaacc tgaacatcca taaccggaat accaatacca atcccaaaag gtcctcagat   241 tactacaacc gatccacctc accttggaat ctccaccgca atgaggaccc tgagagatat   301 ccctctgtga tctgggaggc aaagtgccgc cacttgggct gcatcaacgc tgatgggaac   361 gtggactacc acatgaactc tgtccccatc cagcaagaga tcctggtcct gcgcagggag   421 cctccacact gccccaactc cttccggctg gagaagatac tggtgtccgt gggctgcacc   481 tgtgtcaccc cgattgtcca ccatgtggcc taagagctct ggggagccca cactccccaa   541 agcagttaga ctatggagag ccgacccagc ccctcaggaa ccctcatcct tcaaagacag   601 cctcatttcg gactaaactc attagagttc ttaaggcagt ttgtccaatt aaagcttcag   661 aggtaacact tggccaagat atgagatctg aattaccttt ccctctttcc aagaaggaag   721 gtttgactga gtaccaattt gcttcttgtt tactttttta agggctttaa gttatttatg   781 tatttaatat gccctgagat aactttgggg tataagattc cattttaatg aattacctac   841 tttattttgt ttgtcttttt aaagaagata agattctggg cttgggaatt ttattattta   901 aaaggtaaaa cctgtattta tttgagctat ttaaggatct atttatgttt aagtatttag   961 aaaaaggtga aaaagcacta ttatcagttc tgcctaggta aatgtaagat agaattaaat  1021 ggcagtgcaa aatttctgag tctttacaac atacggatat agtatttcct cctctttgtt  1081 tttaaaagtt ataacatggc tgaaaagaaa gattaaacct actttcatat gtattaattt  1141 aaattttgca atttgttgag gttttacaag agatacagca agtctaactc tctgttccat  1201 taaaccctta taataaaatc cttctgtaat aataaagttt caaaagaaaa tgtttatttg  1261 ttctcattaa atgtatttta gcaaactcag ctcttcccta ttgggaagag ttatgcaaat  1321 tctcctataa gcaaaacaaa gcatgtcttt gagtaacaat gacctggaaa tacccaaaat  1381 tccaagttct cgatttcaca tgccttcaag actgaacacc gactaaggtt ttcatactat  1441 tagccaatgc tgtagacaga agcattttga taggaataga gcaaataaga taatggccct  1501 gaggaatggc atgtcattat taaagatcat atggggaaaa tgaaaccctc cccaaaatac  1561 aagaagttct gggaggagac attgtcttca gactacaatg tccagtttct cccctagact  1621 caggcttcct ttggagatta aggcccctca gagatcaaca gaccaacatt tttctcttcc  1681 tcaagcaaca ctcctagggc ctggcttctg tctgatcaag gcaccacaca acccagaaag  1741 gagctgatgg ggcagaacga actttaagta tgagaaaagt tcagcccaag taaaataaaa  1801 actcaatcac attcaattcc agagtagttt caagtttcac atcgtaacca ttttcgccc 

Human IL-17 is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_002190, alternatively called IL-17A, and SEQ ID NO: 2):

MTPGKTSLVSLLLLLSLEAIVKAGITIPRNPGCPNSEDKNFPRTVMVNL NIHNRNTNTNPKRSSDYYNRSTSPWNLHRNEDPERYPSVIWEAKCRHLG CINADGNVDYHMNSVPIQQEILVLRREPPHCPNSFRLEKILVSVGCTCV TPIVHHVA. 

Human IL-17B is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_014443 and SEQ ID NO: 3):

  1 tggggttcca ggcgggcagc agctgcaggc tgaccttgca gcttggcgga ATGgactggc   61 ctcacaacct gctgtttctt cttaccattt ccatcttcct ggggctgggc cagcccagga  121 gccccaaaag caagaggaag gggcaagggc ggcctgggcc cctggcccct ggccctcacc  181 aggtgccact ggacctggtg tcacggatga aaccgtatgc ccgcatggag gagtatgaga  241 ggaacatcga ggagatggtg gcccagctga ggaacagctc agagctggcc cagagaaagt  301 gtgaggtcaa cttgcagctg tggatgtcca acaagaggag cctgtctccc tggggctaca  361 gcatcaacca cgaccccagc cgtatccccg tggacctgcc ggaggcacgg tgcctgtgtc  421 tgggctgtgt gaaccccttc accatgcagg aggaccgcag catggtgagc gtgccggtgt  481 tcagccaggt tcctgtgcgc cgccgcctct gcccgccacc gccccgcaca gggccttgcc  541 gccagcgcgc agtcatggag accatcgctg tgggctgcac ctgcatcttc tgaatcacct  601 ggcccagaag ccaggccagc agcccgagac catcctcctt gcacctttgt gccaagaaag  661 gcctatgaaa agtaaacact gacttttgaa agcaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a 

Human IL-17B is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_014443 and SEQ ID NO: 4):

MDWPHNLLFLLTISIFLGLGQPRSPKSKRKGQGRPGPLAPGPHQVPLDLV  SRMKPYARMEEYERNIEEMVAQLRNSSELAQRKCEVNLQLWMSNKRSLSP  WGYSINHDPSRIPVDLPEARCLCLGCVNPFTMQEDRSMVSVPVFSQVPVR  RRLCPPPPRTGPCRQRAVMETIAVGCTCIF

Human IL-17C is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_013278 and SEQ ID NO: 5):

   1 gccaggtgtg caggccgctc caagcccagc ctgccccgct gccgccacca tgacgctcct    61 ccccggcctc ctgtttctga cctggctgca cacatgcctg gcccaccatg acccctccct   121 cagggggcac ccccacagtc acggtacccc acactgctac tcggctgagg aactgcccct   181 cggccaggcc cccccacacc tgctggctcg aggtgccaag tgggggcagg ctttgcctgt   241 agccctggtg tccagcctgg aggcagcaag ccacaggggg aggcacgaga ggccctcagc   301 tacgacccag tgcccggtgc tgcggccgga ggaggtgttg gaggcagaca cccaccagcg   361 ctccatctca ccctggagat accgtgtgga cacggatgag gaccgctatc cacagaagct   421 ggccttcgcc gagtgcctgt gcagaggctg tatcgatgca cggacgggcc gcgagacagc   481 tgcgctcaac tccgtgcggc tgctccagag cctgctggtg ctgcgccgcc ggccctgctc   541 ccgcgacggc tcggggctcc ccacacctgg ggcctttgcc ttccacaccg agttcatcca   601 cgtccccgtc ggctgcacct gcgtgctgcc ccgttcagtg tgaccgccga ggccgtgggg   661 cccctagact ggacacgtgt gctccccaga gggcaccccc tatttatgtg tatttattgt   721 tatttatatg cctcccccaa cactaccctt ggggtctggg cattccccgt gtctggagga   781 cagcccccca ctgttctcct catctccagc ctcagtagtt gggggtagaa ggagctcagc   841 acctcttcca gcccttaaag ctgcagaaaa ggtgtcacac ggctgcctgt accttggctc   901 cctgtcctgc tcccggcttc ccttacccta tcactggcct caggcccccg caggctgcct   961 cttcccaacc tccttggaag tacccctgtt tcttaaacaa ttatttaagt gtacgtgtat  1021 tattaaactg atgaacacat ccccaaaa 

Human IL-17C is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_013278 and SEQ ID NO: 6):

MTLLPGLLFLTWLHTCLAHHDPSLRGHPHSHGTPHCYSAEELPLGQAPPH  LLARGAKWGQALPVALVSSLEAASHRGRHERPSATTQCPVLRPEEVLEAD  THQRSISPWRYRVDTDEDRYPQKLAFAECLCRGCIDARTGRETAALNSVR LLQSLLVLRRRPCSRDGSGLPTPGAFAFHTEFIHVPVGCTCVLPRSV 

Human IL-17D is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_138284 and SEQ ID NO: 7):

   1 aaaatgtttt cagctcctgg aggcgaaagg tgcagagtcg ctctgtgtcc gtgaggccgg    61 gcggcgacct cgctcagtcg gcttctcggt ccgagtcccc gggtctggAT Gctggtagcc   121 ggcttcctgc tggcgctgcc gccgagctgg gccgcgggcg ccccgagggc gggcaggcgc   181 cccgcgcggc cgcggggctg cgcggaccgg ccggaggagc tactggagca gctgtacggg   241 cgcctggcgg ccggcgtgct cagtgccttc caccacacgc tgcagctggg gccgcgtgag   301 caggcgcgca acgcgagctg cccggcaggg ggcaggcccg ccgaccgccg cttccggccg   361 cccaccaacc tgcgcagcgt gtcgccctgg gcctacagaa tctcctacga cccggcgagg   421 taccccaggt acctgcctga agcctactgc ctgtgccggg gctgcctgac cgggctgttc   481 ggcgaggagg acgtgcgctt ccgcagcgcc cctgtctaca tgcccaccgt cgtcctgcgc   541 cgcacccccg cctgcgccgg cggccgttcc gtctacaccg aggcctacgt caccatcccc   601 gtgggctgca cctgcgtccc cgagccggag aaggacgcag acagcatcaa ctccagcatc   661 gacaaacagg gcgccaagct cctgctgggc cccaacgacg cgcccgctgg cccctgaggc   721 cggtcctgcc ccgggaggtc tccccggccc gcatcccgag gcgcccaagc tggagccgcc   781 tggagggctc ggtcggcgac ctctgaagag agtgcaccga gcaaaccaag tgccggagca   841 ccagcgccgc ctttccatgg agactcgtaa gcagcttcat ctgacacggg catccctggc   901 ttgcttttag ctacaagcaa gcagcgtggc tggaagctga tgggaaacga cccggcacgg   961 gcatcctgtg tgcggcccgc atggagggtt tggaaaagtt cacggaggct ccctgaggag  1021 cctctcagat cggctgctgc gggtgcaggg cgtgactcac cgctgggtgc ttgccaaaga  1081 gatagggacg catatgcttt ttaaagcaat ctaaaaataa taataagtat agcgactata  1141 tacctacttt taaaatcaac tgttttgaat agaggcagag ctattttata ttatcaaatg  1201 agagctactc tgttacattt cttaacatat aaacatcgtt ttttacttct tctggtagaa  1261 ttttttaaag cataattgga atccttggat aaattttgta gctggtacac tctggcctgg  1321 gtctctgaat tcagcctgtc accgatggct gactgatgaa atggacacgt ctcatctgac  1381 ccactcttcc ttccactgaa ggtcttcacg ggcctccagg tggaccaaag ggatgcacag  1441 gcggctcgca tgccccaggg ccagctaaga gttccaaaga tctcagattt ggttttagtc  1501 atgaatacat aaacagtctc aaactcgcac aattttttcc cccttttgaa agccactggg  1561 gccaatttgt ggttaagagg tggtgagata agaagtggaa cgtgacatct ttgccagttg  1621 tcagaagaat ccaagcaggt attggcttag ttgtaagggc tttaggatca ggctgaatat  1681 gaggacaaag tgggccacgt tagcatctgc agagatcaat ctggaggctt ctgtttctgc  1741 attctgccac gagagctagg tccttgatct tttctttaga ttgaaagtct gtctctgaac  1801 acaattattt gtaaaagtta gtagttcttt tttaaatcat taaaagaggc ttgctgaagg  1861 aaaaaaaaaa aaa 

Human IL-17D is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_138284 and SEQ ID NO: 8)

MLVAGFLLALPPSWAAGAPRAGRRPARPRGCADRPEELLEQLYGRLAAGV  LSAFHHTLQLGPREQARNASCPAGGRPADRRFRPPTNLRSVSPWAYRISY  DPARYPRYLPEAYCLCRGCLTGLFGEEDVRFRSAPVYMPTVVLRRTPACA GGRSVYTEAYVTIPVGCTCVPEPEKDADSINSSIDKQGAKLLLGPNDAPA GP 

Human IL-17E is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. AF305200 and SEQ ID NO: 9):

   1 ggcttgctga aaataaaatc aggactccta acctgctcca gtcagcctgc ttccacgagg    61 cctgtcagtc agtgcccgac ttgtgactga gtgtgcagtg cccagcatgt accaggtcag   121 tgcagagggc tgcctgaggg ctgtgctgag agggagagga gcagagatgc tgctgagggt   181 ggagggaggc caagctgcca ggtttggggc tgggggccaa gtggagtgag aaactgggat   241 cccaggggga gggtgcagat gagggagcga cccagattag gtgaggacag ttctctcatt   301 agccttttcc tacaggtggt tgcattcttg gcaatggtca tgggaaccca cacctacagc   361 cactggccca gctgctgccc cagcaaaggg caggacacct ctgaggagct gctgaggtgg   421 agcactgtgc ctgtgcctcc cctagagcct gctaggccca accgccaccc agagtcctgt   481 agggccagtg aagatggacc cctcaacagc agggccatct ccccctggag atatgagttg   541 gacagagact tgaaccggct cccccaggac ctgtaccacg cccgttgcct gtgcccgcac   601 tgcgtcagcc tacagacagg ctcccacatg gacccccggg gcaactcgga gctgctctac   661 cacaaccaga ctgtcttcta caggcggcca tgccatggcg agaagggcac ccacaagggc   721 tactgcctgg agcgcaggct gtaccgtgtt tccttagctt gtgtgtgtgt gcggccccgt   781 gtgatgggct agccggacct gctggaggct ggtccctttt tgggaaacct ggagccaggt   841 gtacaaccac ttgccatgaa gggccaggat gcccagatgc ttggcccctg tgaagtgctg   901 tctggagcag caggatcccg ggacaggatg gggggctttg gggaaaacct gcacttctgc   961 acattttgaa aagagcagct gctgcttagg gccgccggaa gctggtgtcc tgtcattttc  1021 tctcaggaaa ggttttcaaa gttctgccca tttctggagg ccaccactcc tgtctcttcc  1081 tcttttccca tcccctgcta ccctggccca gcacaggcac tttctagata tttccccctt  1141 gctggagaag aaagagcccc tggttttatt tgtttgttta ctcatcactc agtgagcatc  1201 tactttgggt gcattctagt gtagttacta gtcttttgac atggatgatt ctgaggagga  1261 agctgttatt gaatgtatag agatttatcc aaataaatat ctttatttaa aaatgaaaaa  1321 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa 

Human IL-17E is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. AF305200 and SEQ ID NO: 10):

MRERPRLGEDSSLISLFLQVVAFLAMVMGTHTYSHWPSCCPSKGQDTSEE LLRWSTVPVPPLEPARPNRHPESCRASEDGPLNSRAISPWRYELDRDLNR LPQDLYHARCLCPHCVSLQTGSHMDPRGNSELLYHNQTVFYRRPCHGEKG THKGYCLERRLYRVSLACVCVRPRVMG 

Human IL-17F is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_052872 and SEQ ID NO: 11):

  1 gaacacaggc atacacagga agatacattc acagaaagag cttcctgcac aaagtaagcc   61 accagcgcaa cATGacagtg aagaccctgc atggcccagc catggtcaag tacttgctgc  121 tgtcgatatt ggggcttgcc tttctgagtg aggcggcagc tcggaaaatc cccaaagtag  181 gacatacttt tttccaaaag cctgagagtt gcccgcctgt gccaggaggt agtatgaagc  241 ttgacattgg catcatcaat gaaaaccagc gcgtttccat gtcacgtaac atcgagagcc  301 gctccacctc cccctggaat tacactgtca cttgggaccc caaccggtac ccctcggaag  361 ttgtacaggc ccagtgtagg aacttgggct gcatcaatgc tcaaggaaag gaagacatct  421 ccatgaattc cgttcccatc cagcaagaga ccctggtcgt ccggaggaag caccaaggct  481 gctctgtttc tttccagttg gagaaggtgc tggtgactgt tggctgcacc tgcgtcaccc  541 ctgtcatcca ccatgtgcag taagaggtgc atatccactc agctgaagaa gctgtagaaa  601 tgccactcct tacccagtgc tctgcaacaa gtcctgtctg acccccaatt ccctccactt  661 cacaggactc ttaataagac ctgcacggat ggaaacagaa aatattcaca atgtatgtgt  721 gtatgtacta cactttatat ttgatatcta aaatgttagg agaaaaatta atatattcag  781 tgctaatata ataaagtatt aataattt 

Human IL-17F is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_052872 and SEQ ID NO: 12)

MTVKTLHGPAMVKYLLLSILGLAFLSEAAARKIPKVGHTFFQKPESCPPV PGGSMKLDIGIINENQRVSMSRNIESRSTSPWNYTVTWDPNRYPSEVVQA QCRNLGCINAQGKEDISMNSVPIQQETLVVRRKHQGCSVSFQLEKVLVTV GCTCVTPVIHHVQ  Interleukin-17 Receptors:

The composition of the invention comprises a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, an antibody, a compound, or a small molecule, or fragment thereof, with means to inhibit or modify the transcription, transcript stability, translation, modification, localization, secretion, or function of a polynucleotide or polypeptide encoding an IL-17 receptor. One contemplated IL-17 heteromeric receptor complex comprises IL-17RA and IL-17RC. The present composition comprises a compound that is targeted to either element, IL-17RA or IL-17RC, of this receptor complex. IL-17RC exists in three different forms comprised by transcripts 1-3. However, additional IL-17 receptors are contemplated. In alternative embodiments, IL-17RB, IL-17RD, and IL-17RE are targeted in isolation or in combination by antagonists of IL-17 function. The invention comprises one or more antagonists of IL-17 receptors IL-17RA, IL-17RB, IL-17RC, IL-17RD, and IL-17RE.

IL-17RA is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_014339 and SEQ ID NO: 13):

   1 ctgggcccgg gctggaagcc ggaagcgagc aaagtggagc cgactcgaac tccaccgcgg    61 aaaagaaagc ctcagaacgt tcgttcgctg cgtccccagc cggggccgag ccctccgcga   121 cgccagccgg gccATGgggg ccgcacgcag cccgccgtcc gctgtcccgg ggcccctgct   181 ggggctgctc ctgctgctcc tgggcgtgct ggccccgggt ggcgcctccc tgcgactcct   241 ggaccaccgg gcgctggtct gctcccagcc ggggctaaac tgcacggtca agaatagtac   301 ctgcctggat gacagctgga ttcaccctcg aaacctgacc ccctcctccc caaaggacct   361 gcagatccag ctgcactttg cccacaccca acaaggagac ctgttccccg tggctcacat   421 cgaatggaca ctgcagacag acgccagcat cctgtacctc gagggtgcag agttatctgt   481 cctgcagctg aacaccaatg aacgtttgtg cgtcaggttt gagtttctgt ccaaactgag   541 gcatcaccac aggcggtggc gttttacctt cagccacttt gtggttgacc ctgaccagga   601 atatgaggtg accgttcacc acctgcccaa gcccatccct gatggggacc caaaccacca   661 gtccaagaat ttccttgtgc ctgactgtga gcacgccagg atgaaggtaa ccacgccatg   721 catgagctca ggcagcctgt gggaccccaa catcaccgtg gagaccctgg aggcccacca   781 gctgcgtgtg agcttcaccc tgtggaacga atctacccat taccagatcc tgctgaccag   841 ttttccgcac atggagaacc acagttgctt tgagcacatg caccacatac ctgcgcccag   901 accagaagag ttccaccagc gatccaacgt cacactcact ctacgcaacc ttaaagggtg   961 ctgtcgccac caagtgcaga tccagccctt cttcagcagc tgcctcaatg actgcctcag  1021 acactccgcg actgtttcct gcccagaaat gccagacact ccagaaccaa ttccggacta  1081 catgcccctg tgggtgtact ggttcatcac gggcatctcc atcctgctgg tgggctccgt  1141 catcctgctc atcgtctgca tgacctggag gctagctggg cctggaagtg aaaaatacag  1201 tgatgacacc aaatacaccg atggcctgcc tgcggctgac ctgatccccc caccgctgaa  1261 gcccaggaag gtctggatca tctactcagc cgaccacccc ctctacgtgg acgtggtcct  1321 gaaattcgcc cagttcctgc tcaccgcctg cggcacggaa gtggccctgg acctgctgga  1381 agagcaggcc atctcggagg caggagtcat gacctgggtg ggccgtcaga agcaggagat  1441 ggtggagagc aactctaaga tcatcgtcct gtgctcccgc ggcacgcgcg ccaagtggca  1501 ggcgctcctg ggccgggggg cgcctgtgcg gctgcgctgc gaccacggaa agcccgtggg  1561 ggacctgttc actgcagcca tgaacatgat cctcccggac ttcaagaggc cagcctgctt  1621 cggcacctac gtagtctgct acttcagcga ggtcagctgt gacggcgacg tccccgacct  1681 gttcggcgcg gcgccgcggt acccgctcat ggacaggttc gaggaggtgt acttccgcat  1741 ccaggacctg gagatgttcc agccgggccg catgcaccgc gtaggggagc tgtcggggga  1801 caactacctg cggagcccgg gcggcaggca gctccgcgcc gccctggaca ggttccggga  1861 ctggcaggtc cgctgtcccg actggttcga atgtgagaac ctctactcag cagatgacca  1921 ggatgccccg tccctggacg aagaggtgtt tgaggagcca ctgctgcctc cgggaaccgg  1981 catcgtgaag cgggcgcccc tggtgcgcga gcctggctcc caggcctgcc tggccataga  2041 cccgctggtc ggggaggaag gaggagcagc agtggcaaag ctggaacctc acctgcagcc  2101 ccggggtcag ccagcgccgc agcccctcca caccctggtg ctcgccgcag aggagggggc  2161 cctggtggcc gcggtggagc ctgggcccct ggctgacggt gccgcagtcc ggctggcact  2221 ggcgggggag ggcgaggcct gcccgctgct gggcagcccg ggcgctgggc gaaatagcgt  2281 cctcttcctc cccgtggacc ccgaggactc gccccttggc agcagcaccc ccatggcgtc  2341 tcctgacctc cttccagagg acgtgaggga gcacctcgaa ggcttgatgc tctcgctctt  2401 cgagcagagt ctgagctgcc aggcccaggg gggctgcagt agacccgcca tggtcctcac  2461 agacccacac acgccctacg aggaggagca gcggcagtca gtgcagtctg accagggcta  2521 catctccagg agctccccgc agccccccga gggactcacg gaaatggagg aagaggagga  2581 agaggagcag gacccaggga agccggccct gccactctct cccgaggacc tggagagcct  2641 gaggagcctc cagcggcagc tgcttttccg ccagctgcag aagaactcgg gctgggacac  2701 gatggggtca gagtcagagg ggcccagtgc atgagggcgg ctccccaggg accgcccaga  2761 tcccagcttt gagagaggag tgtgtgtgca cgtattcatc tgtgtgtaca tgtctgcatg  2821 tgtatatgtt cgtgtgtgaa atgtaggctt taaaatgtaa atgtctggat tttaatccca  2881 ggcatccctc ctaacttttc tttgtgcagc ggtctggtta tcgtctatcc ccaggggaat  2941 ccacacagcc cgctcccagg agctaatggt agagcgtcct tgaggctcca ttattcgttc  3001 attcagcatt tattgtgcac ctactatgtg gcgggcattt gggataccaa gataaattgc  3061 atgcggcatg gccccagcca tgaaggaact taaccgctag tgccgaggac acgttaaacg  3121 aacaggatgg gccgggcacg gtggctcacg cctgtaatcc cagcacactg ggaggccgag  3181 gcaggtggat cactctgagg tcaggagttt gagccagcct ggccaacatg gtgaaacccc  3241 atctccacta aaaatagaaa aattagccgg gcatggtgac acatgcctgt agtcctagct  3301 acttgggagg ctgaggcagg agaattgctt gaatctggga ggcagaggtt gcagtgagcc  3361 gagattgtgc cattgcactg cagcctggat gacagagcga gactctatct caaaaaaaaa  3421 aaaaaaaaa 

IL-17RA is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_14339 and SEQ ID NO: 14):

MGAARSPPSAVPGPLLGLLLLLLGVLAPGGASLRLLDHRALVCSQPGLNC TVKNSTCLDDSWIHPRNLTPSSPKDLQIQLHFAHTQQGDLFPVAHIEWTL QTDASILYLEGAELSVLQLNTNERLCVRFEFLSKLRHHHRRWRFTFSHFV VDPDQEYEVTVHHLPKPIPDGDPNHQSKNFLVPDCEHARMKVTTPCMSSG SLWDPNITVETLEAHQLRVSFTLWNESTHYQILLTSFPHMENHSCFEHMH HIPAPRPEEFHQRSNVTLTLRNLKGCCRHQVQIQPFFSSCLNDCLRHSAT VSCPEMPDTPEPIPDYMPLWVYWFITGISILLVGSVILLIVCMTWRLAGP GSEKYSDDTKYTDGLPAADLIPPPLKPRKVWIIYSADHPLYVDVVLKFAQ FLLTACGTEVALDLLEEQAISEAGVMTWVGRQKQEMVESNSKIIVLCSRG TRAKWQALLGRGAPVRLRCDHGKPVGDLFTAAMNMILPDFKRPACFGTYV VCYFSEVSCDGDVPDLFGAAPRYPLMDRFEEVYFRIQDLEMFQPGRMHRV GELSGDNYLRSPGGRQLRAALDRFRDWQVRCPDWFECENLYSADDQDAPS LDEEVFEEPLLPPGTGIVKRAPLVREPGSQACLAIDPLVGEEGGAAVAKL EPHLQPRGQPAPQPLHTLVLAAEEGALVAAVEPGPLADGAAVRLALAGEG EACPLLGSPGAGRNSVLFLPVDPEDSPLGSSTPMASPDLLPEDVREHLEG LMLSLFEQSLSCQAQGGCSRPAMVLTDPHTPYEEEQRQSVQSDQGYISRS SPQPPEGLTEMEEEEEEEQDPGKPALPLSPEDLESLRSLQRQLLFRQLQK NSGWDTMGSESEGPSA 

IL-17RB is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_018725 and SEQ ID NO: 15):

   1 agcgtgcggg tggcctggat cccgcgcagt ggcccggcgA TGtcgctcgt gctgctaagc    61 ctggccgcgc tgtgcaggag cgccgtaccc cgagagccga ccgttcaatg tggctctgaa   121 actgggccat ctccagagtg gatgctacaa catgatctaa tccccggaga cttgagggac   181 ctccgagtag aacctgttac aactagtgtt gcaacagggg actattcaat tttgatgaat   241 gtaagctggg tactccgggc agatgccagc atccgcttgt tgaaggccac caagatttgt   301 gtgacgggca aaagcaactt ccagtcctac agctgtgtga ggtgcaatta cacagaggcc   361 ttccagactc agaccagacc ctctggtggt aaatggacat tttcctacat cggcttccct   421 gtagagctga acacagtcta tttcattggg gcccataata ttcctaatgc aaatatgaat   481 gaagatggcc cttccatgtc tgtgaatttc acctcaccag gctgcctaga ccacataatg   541 aaatataaaa aaaagtgtgt caaggccgga agcctgtggg atccgaacat cactgcttgt   601 aagaagaatg aggagacagt agaagtgaac ttcacaacca ctcccctggg aaacagatac   661 atggctctta tccaacacag cactatcatc gggttttctc aggtgtttga gccacaccag   721 aagaaacaaa cgcgagcttc agtggtgatt ccagtgactg gggatagtga aggtgctacg   781 gtgcagctga ctccatattt tcctacttgt ggcagcgact gcatccgaca taaaggaaca   841 gttgtgctct gcccacaaac aggcgtccct ttccctctgg ataacaacaa aagcaagccg   901 ggaggctggc tgcctctcct cctgctgtct ctgctggtgg ccacatgggt gctggtggca   961 gggatctatc taatgtggag gcacgaaagg atcaagaaga cttccttttc taccaccaca  1021 ctactgcccc ccattaaggt tcttgtggtt tacccatctg aaatatgttt ccatcacaca  1081 atttgttact tcactgaatt tcttcaaaac cattgcagaa gtgaggtcat ccttgaaaag  1141 tggcagaaaa agaaaatagc agagatgggt ccagtgcagt ggcttgccac tcaaaagaag  1201 gcagcagaca aagtcgtctt ccttctttcc aatgacgtca acagtgtgtg cgatggtacc  1261 tgtggcaaga gcgagggcag tcccagtgag aactctcaag acctcttccc ccttgccttt  1321 aaccttttct gcagtgatct aagaagccag attcatctgc acaaatacgt ggtggtctac  1381 tttagagaga ttgatacaaa agacgattac aatgctctca gtgtctgccc caagtaccac  1441 ctcatgaagg atgccactgc tttctgtgca gaacttctcc atgtcaagca gcaggtgtca  1501 gcaggaaaaa gatcacaagc ctgccacgat ggctgctgct ccttgtagcc cacccatgag  1561 aagcaagaga ccttaaaggc ttcctatccc accaattaca gggaaaaaac gtgtgatgat  1621 cctgaagctt actatgcagc ctacaaacag ccttagtaat taaaacattt tataccaata  1681 aaattttcaa atattgctaa ctaatgtagc attaactaac gattggaaac tacatttaca  1741 acttcaaagc tgttttatac atagaaatca attacagttt taattgaaaa ctataaccat  1801 tttgataatg caacaataaa gcatcttcag ccaaacatct agtcttccat agaccatgca  1861 ttgcagtgta cccagaactg tttagctaat attctatgtt taattaatga atactaactc  1921 taagaacccc tcactgattc actcaatagc atcttaagtg aaaaaccttc tattacatgc  1981 aaaaaatcat tgtttttaag ataacaaaag tagggaataa acaagctgaa cccactttta  2041 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa 

IL-17RB is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_018725 and SEQ ID NO: 16):

MSLVLLSLAALCRSAVPREPTVQCGSETGPSPEWMLQHDLIPGDLRDLRV EPVTTSVATGDYSILMNVSWVLRADASIRLLKATKICVTGKSNFQSYSCV RCNYTEAFQTQTRPSGGKWTFSYIGFPVELNTVYFIGAHNIPNANMNEDG PSMSVNFTSPGCLDHIMKYKKKCVKAGSLWDPNITACKKNEETVEVNFTT TPLGNRYMALIQHSTIIGFSQVFEPHQKKQTRASVVIPVTGDSEGATVQL TPYFPTCGSDCIRHKGTVVLCPQTGVPFPLDNNKSKPGGWLPLLLLSLLV ATWVLVAGIYLMWRHERIKKTSFSTTTLLPPIKVLVVYPSEICFHHTICY FTEFLQNHCRSEVILEKWQKKKIAEMGPVQWLATQKKAADKVVFLLSNDV NSVCDGTCGKSEGSPSENSQDLFPLAFNLFCSDLRSQIHLHKYVVVYFRE IDTKDDYNALSVCPKYHLMKDATAFCAELLHVKQQVSAGKRSQACHDGCC SL 

IL-17RC, transcript variant 1, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153461 and SEQ ID NO: 17):

   1 aaaacgaaag cactccgtgc tggaagtagg aggagagtca ggactcccag gacagagagt    61 gcacaaacta cccagcacag ccccctccgc cccctctgga ggctgaagag ggattccagc   121 ccctgccacc cacagacacg ggctgactgg ggtgtctgcc ccccttgggg gggggcagca   181 cagggcctca ggcctgggtg ccacctggca cctagaagAT Gcctgtgccc tggttcttgc   241 tgtccttggc actgggccga agcccagtgg tcctttctct ggagaggctt gtggggcctc   301 aggacgctac ccactgctct ccggtgagtc tggaaccctg gggagacgag gaaaggctca   361 gggttcagtt tttggctcag caaagcctta gcctggctcc tgtcactgct gccactgcca   421 gaactgccct gtctggtctg tctggtgctg atggtagaag agaagaacgg ggaaggggca   481 agagctgggt ctgtctttct ctgggagggt ctgggaatac ggagccccag aaaaagggcc   541 tctcctgccg cctctgggac agtgacatac tctgcctgcc tggggacatc gtgcctgctc   601 cgggccccgt gctggcgcct acgcacctgc agacagagct ggtgctgagg tgccagaagg   661 agaccgactg tgacctctgt ctgcgtgtgg ctgtccactt ggccgtgcat gggcactggg   721 aagagcctga agatgaggaa aagtttggag gagcagctga ctcaggggtg gaggagccta   781 ggaatgcctc tctccaggcc caagtcgtgc tctccttcca ggcctaccct actgcccgct   841 gcgtcctgct ggaggtgcaa gtgcctgctg cccttgtgca gtttggtcag tctgtgggct   901 ctgtggtata tgactgcttc gaggctgccc tagggagtga ggtacgaatc tggtcctata   961 ctcagcccag gtacgagaag gaactcaacc acacacagca gctgcctgac tgcagggggc  1021 tcgaagtctg gaacagcatc ccgagctgct gggccctgcc ctggctcaac gtgtcagcag  1081 atggtgacaa cgtgcatctg gttctgaatg tctctgagga gcagcacttc ggcctctccc  1141 tgtactggaa tcaggtccag ggccccccaa aaccccggtg gcacaaaaac ctgactggac  1201 cgcagatcat taccttgaac cacacagacc tggttccctg cctctgtatt caggtgtggc  1261 ctctggaacc tgactccgtt aggacgaaca tctgcccctt cagggaggac ccccgcgcac  1321 accagaacct ctggcaagcc gcccgactgc gactgctgac cctgcagagc tggctgctgg  1381 acgcaccgtg ctcgctgccc gcagaagcgg cactgtgctg gcgggctccg ggtggggacc  1441 cctgccagcc actggtccca ccgctttcct gggagaacgt cactgtggac aaggttctcg  1501 agttcccatt gctgaaaggc caccctaacc tctgtgttca ggtgaacagc tcggagaagc  1561 tgcagctgca ggagtgcttg tgggctgact ccctggggcc tctcaaagac gatgtgctac  1621 tgttggagac acgaggcccc caggacaaca gatccctctg tgccttggaa cccagtggct  1681 gtacttcact acccagcaaa gcctccacga gggcagctcg ccttggagag tacttactac  1741 aagacctgca gtcaggccag tgtctgcagc tatgggacga tgacttggga gcgctatggg  1801 cctgccccat ggacaaatac atccacaagc gctgggccct cgtgtggctg gcctgcctac  1861 tctttgccgc tgcgctttcc ctcatcctcc ttctcaaaaa ggatcacgcg aaagggtggc  1921 tgaggctctt gaaacaggac gtccgctcgg gggcggccgc caggggccgc gcggctctgc  1981 tcctctactc agccgatgac tcgggtttcg agcgcctggt gggcgccctg gcgtcggccc  2041 tgtgccagct gccgctgcgc gtggccgtag acctgtggag ccgtcgtgaa ctgagcgcgc  2101 aggggcccgt ggcttggttt cacgcgcagc ggcgccagac cctgcaggag ggcggcgtgg  2161 tggtcttgct cttctctccc ggtgcggtgg cgctgtgcag cgagtggcta caggatgggg  2221 tgtccgggcc cggggcgcac ggcccgcacg acgccttccg cgcctcgctc agctgcgtgc  2281 tgcccgactt cttgcagggc cgggcgcccg gcagctacgt gggggcctgc ttcgacaggc  2341 tgctccaccc ggacgccgta cccgcccttt tccgcaccgt gcccgtcttc acactgccct  2401 cccaactgcc agacttcctg ggggccctgc agcagcctcg cgccccgcgt tccgggcggc  2461 tccaagagag agcggagcaa gtgtcccggg cccttcagcc agccctggat agctacttcc  2521 atcccccggg gactcccgcg ccgggacgcg gggtgggacc aggggcggga cctggggcgg  2581 gggacgggac ttaaataaag gcagacgctg tttttctacc catgtggccc aaaaaaaaaa  2641 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a 

IL-17RC, transcript variant 1, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153461 and SEQ ID NO: 18):

MPVPWFLLSLALGRSPVVLSLERLVGPQDATHCSPVSLEPWGDEERLRVQ FLAQQSLSLAPVTAATARTALSGLSGADGRREERGRGKSWVCLSLGGSGN TEPQKKGLSCRLWDSDILCLPGDIVPAPGPVLAPTHLQTELVLRCQKETD CDLCLRVAVHLAVHGHWEEPEDEEKFGGAADSGVEEPRNASLQAQVVLSF QAYPTARCVLLEVQVPAALVQFGQSVGSVVYDCFEAALGSEVRIWSYTQP RYEKELNHTQQLPDCRGLEVWNSIPSCWALPWLNVSADGDNVHLVLNVSE EQHFGLSLYWNQVQGPPKPRWHKNLTGPQIITLNHTDLVPCLCIQVWPLE PDSVRTNICPFREDPRAHQNLWQAARLRLLTLQSWLLDAPCSLPAEAALC WRAPGGDPCQPLVPPLSWENVTVDKVLEFPLLKGHPNLCVQVNSSEKLQL QECLWADSLGPLKDDVLLLETRGPQDNRSLCALEPSGCTSLPSKASTRAA RLGEYLLQDLQSGQCLQLWDDDLGALWACPMDKYIHKRWALVWLACLLFA AALSLILLLKKDHAKGWLRLLKQDVRSGAAARGRAALLLYSADDSGFERL VGALASALCQLPLRVAVDLWSRRELSAQGPVAWFHAQRRQTLQEGGVVVL LFSPGAVALCSEWLQDGVSGPGAHGPHDAFRASLSCVLPDFLQGRAPGSY VGACFDRLLHPDAVPALFRTVPVFTLPSQLPDFLGALQQPRAPRSGRLQE RAEQVSRALQPALDSYFHPPGTPAPGRGVGPGAGPGAGDGT 

IL-17RC, transcript variant 2, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153460 and SEQ ID NO: 19):

   1 aaaacgaaag cactccgtgc tggaagtagg aggagagtca ggactcccag gacagagagt   61 gcacaaacta cccagcacag ccccctccgc cccctctgga ggctgaagag ggattccagc  121 ccctgccacc cacagacacg ggctgactgg ggtgtctgcc ccccttgggg gggggcagca  181 cagggcctca ggcctgggtg ccacctggca cctagaagAT Gcctgtgccc tggttcttgc  241 tgtccttggc actgggccga agcccagtgg tcctttctct ggagaggctt gtggggcctc  301 aggacgctac ccactgctct ccgggcctct cctgccgcct ctgggacagt gacatactct  361 gcctgcctgg ggacatcgtg cctgctccgg gccccgtgct ggcgcctacg cacctgcaga  421 cagagctggt gctgaggtgc cagaaggaga ccgactgtga cctctgtctg cgtgtggctg  481 tccacttggc cgtgcatggg cactgggaag agcctgaaga tgaggaaaag tttggaggag  541 cagctgactc aggggtggag gagcctagga atgcctctct ccaggcccaa gtcgtgctct  601 ccttccaggc ctaccctact gcccgctgcg tcctgctgga ggtgcaagtg cctgctgccc  661 ttgtgcagtt tggtcagtct gtgggctctg tggtatatga ctgcttcgag gctgccctag  721 ggagtgaggt acgaatctgg tcctatactc agcccaggta cgagaaggaa ctcaaccaca  781 cacagcagct gcctgactgc agggggctcg aagtctggaa cagcatcccg agctgctggg  841 ccctgccctg gctcaacgtg tcagcagatg gtgacaacgt gcatctggtt ctgaatgtct  901 ctgaggagca gcacttcggc ctctccctgt actggaatca ggtccagggc cccccaaaac  961 cccggtggca caaaaacctg actggaccgc agatcattac cttgaaccac acagacctgg 1021 ttccctgcct ctgtattcag gtgtggcctc tggaacctga ctccgttagg acgaacatct 1081 gccccttcag ggaggacccc cgcgcacacc agaacctctg gcaagccgcc cgactgcgac 1141 tgctgaccct gcagagctgg ctgctggacg caccgtgctc gctgcccgca gaagcggcac 1201 tgtgctggcg ggctccgggt ggggacccct gccagccact ggtcccaccg ctttcctggg 1261 agaacgtcac tgtggacaag gttctcgagt tcccattgct gaaaggccac cctaacctct 1321 gtgttcaggt gaacagctcg gagaagctgc agctgcagga gtgcttgtgg gctgactccc 1381 tggggcctct caaagacgat gtgctactgt tggagacacg aggcccccag gacaacagat 1441 ccctctgtgc cttggaaccc agtggctgta cttcactacc cagcaaagcc tccacgaggg 1501 cagctcgcct tggagagtac ttactacaag acctgcagtc aggccagtgt ctgcagctat 1561 gggacgatga cttgggagcg ctatgggcct gccccatgga caaatacatc cacaagcgct 1621 gggccctcgt gtggctggcc tgcctactct ttgccgctgc gctttccctc atcctccttc 1681 tcaaaaagga tcacgcgaaa gggtggctga ggctcttgaa acaggacgtc cgctcggggg 1741 cggccgccag gggccgcgcg gctctgctcc tctactcagc cgatgactcg ggtttcgagc 1801 gcctggtggg cgccctggcg tcggccctgt gccagctgcc gctgcgcgtg gccgtagacc 1861 tgtggagccg tcgtgaactg agcgcgcagg ggcccgtggc ttggtttcac gcgcagcggc 1921 gccagaccct gcaggagggc ggcgtggtgg tcttgctctt ctctcccggt gcggtggcgc 1981 tgtgcagcga gtggctacag gatggggtgt ccgggcccgg ggcgcacggc ccgcacgacg 2041 ccttccgcgc ctcgctcagc tgcgtgctgc ccgacttctt gcagggccgg gcgcccggca 2101 gctacgtggg ggcctgcttc gacaggctgc tccacccgga cgccgtaccc gcccttttcc 2161 gcaccgtgcc cgtcttcaca ctgccctccc aactgccaga cttcctgggg gccctgcagc 2221 agcctcgcgc cccgcgttcc gggcggctcc aagagagagc ggagcaagtg tcccgggccc 2281 ttcagccagc cctggatagc tacttccatc ccccggggac tcccgcgccg ggacgcgggg 2341 tgggaccagg ggcgggacct ggggcggggg acgggactta aataaaggca gacgctgttt 2401 ttctacccat gtggcccaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 2461 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa

IL-17RC, transcript variant 2, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153460 and SEQ ID NO: 20):

MPVPWFLLSLALGRSPVVLSLERLVGPQDATHCSPGLSCRLWDSDILCL PGDIVPAPGPVLAPTHLQTELVLRCQKETDCDLCLRVAVHLAVHGHWEE PEDEEKFGGAADSGVEEPRNASLQAQVVLSFQAYPTARCVLLEVQVPAA LVQFGQSVGSVVYDCFEAALGSEVRIWSYTQPRYEKELNHTQQLPDCRG LEVWNSIPSCWALPWLNVSADGDNVHLVLNVSEEQHFGLSLYWNQVQGP PKPRWHKNLTGPQIITLNHTDLVPCLCIQVWPLEPDSVRTNICPFREDP RAHQNLWQAARLRLLTLQSWLLDAPCSLPAEAALCWRAPGGDPCQPLVP PLSWENVTVDKVLEFPLLKGHPNLCVQVNSSEKLQLQECLWADSLGPLK DDVLLLETRGPQDNRSLCALEPSGCTSLPSKASTRAARLGEYLLQDLQS GQCLQLWDDDLGALWACPMDKYIHKRWALVWLACLLFAAALSLILLLKK DHAKGWLRLLKQDVRSGAAARGRAALLLYSADDSGFERLVGALASALCQ LPLRVAVDLWSRRELSAQGPVAWFHAQRRQTLQEGGVVVLLFSPGAVAL CSEWLQDGVSGPGAHGPHDAFRASLSCVLPDFLQGRAPGSYVGACFDRL LHPDAVPALFRTVPVFTLPSQLPDFLGALQQPRAPRSGRLQERAEQVSR ALQPALDSYFHPPGTPAPGRGVGPGAGPGAGDGT

IL-17RC, transcript variant 3, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_032732 and SEQ ID NO: 21):

   1 aaaacgaaag cactccgtgc tggaagtagg aggagagtca ggactcccag gacagagagt   61 gcacaaacta cccagcacag ccccctccgc cccctctgga ggctgaagag ggattccagc  121 ccctgccacc cacagacacg ggctgactgg ggtgtctgcc ccccttgggg gggggcagca  181 cagggcctca ggcctgggtg ccacctggca cctagaagAT Gcctgtgccc tggttcttgc  241 tgtccttggc actgggccga agcccagtgg tcctttctct ggagaggctt gtggggcctc  301 aggacgctac ccactgctct ccgggcctct cctgccgcct ctgggacagt gacatactct  361 gcctgcctgg ggacatcgtg cctgctccgg gccccgtgct ggcgcctacg cacctgcaga  421 cagagctggt gctgaggtgc cagaaggaga ccgactgtga cctctgtctg cgtgtggctg  481 tccacttggc cgtgcatggg cactgggaag agcctgaaga tgaggaaaag tttggaggag  541 cagctgactc aggggtggag gagcctagga atgcctctct ccaggcccaa gtcgtgctct  601 ccttccaggc ctaccctact gcccgctgcg tcctgctgga ggtgcaagtg cctgctgccc  661 ttgtgcagtt tggtcagtct gtgggctctg tggtatatga ctgcttcgag gctgccctag  721 ggagtgaggt acgaatctgg tcctatactc agcccaggta cgagaaggaa ctcaaccaca  781 cacagcagct gcctgccctg ccctggctca acgtgtcagc agatggtgac aacgtgcatc  841 tggttctgaa tgtctctgag gagcagcact tcggcctctc cctgtactgg aatcaggtcc  901 agggcccccc aaaaccccgg tggcacaaaa acctgactgg accgcagatc attaccttga  961 accacacaga cctggttccc tgcctctgta ttcaggtgtg gcctctggaa cctgactccg 1021 ttaggacgaa catctgcccc ttcagggagg acccccgcgc acaccagaac ctctggcaag 1081 ccgcccgact gcgactgctg accctgcaga gctggctgct ggacgcaccg tgctcgctgc 1141 ccgcagaagc ggcactgtgc tggcgggctc cgggtgggga cccctgccag ccactggtcc 1201 caccgctttc ctgggagaac gtcactgtgg acaaggttct cgagttccca ttgctgaaag 1261 gccaccctaa cctctgtgtt caggtgaaca gctcggagaa gctgcagctg caggagtgct 1321 tgtgggctga ctccctgggg cctctcaaag acgatgtgct actgttggag acacgaggcc 1381 cccaggacaa cagatccctc tgtgccttgg aacccagtgg ctgtacttca ctacccagca 1441 aagcctccac gagggcagct cgccttggag agtacttact acaagacctg cagtcaggcc 1501 agtgtctgca gctatgggac gatgacttgg gagcgctatg ggcctgcccc atggacaaat 1561 acatccacaa gcgctgggcc ctcgtgtggc tggcctgcct actctttgcc gctgcgcttt 1621 ccctcatcct ccttctcaaa aaggatcacg cgaaagggtg gctgaggctc ttgaaacagg 1681 acgtccgctc gggggcggcc gccaggggcc gcgcggctct gctcctctac tcagccgatg 1741 actcgggttt cgagcgcctg gtgggcgccc tggcgtcggc cctgtgccag ctgccgctgc 1801 gcgtggccgt agacctgtgg agccgtcgtg aactgagcgc gcaggggccc gtggcttggt 1861 ttcacgcgca gcggcgccag accctgcagg agggcggcgt ggtggtcttg ctcttctctc 1921 ccggtgcggt ggcgctgtgc agcgagtggc tacaggatgg ggtgtccggg cccggggcgc 1981 acggcccgca cgacgccttc cgcgcctcgc tcagctgcgt gctgcccgac ttcttgcagg 2041 gccgggcgcc cggcagctac gtgggggcct gcttcgacag gctgctccac ccggacgccg 2101 tacccgccct tttccgcacc gtgcccgtct tcacactgcc ctcccaactg ccagacttcc 2161 tgggggccct gcagcagcct cgcgccccgc gttccgggcg gctccaagag agagcggagc 2221 aagtgtcccg ggcccttcag ccagccctgg atagctactt ccatcccccg gggactcccg 2281 cgccgggacg cggggtggga ccaggggcgg gacctggggc gggggacggg acttaaataa 2341 aggcagacgc tgtttttcta cccatgtggc ccaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 2401 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa

IL-17RC, transcript variant 3, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_032732 and SEQ ID NO: 22):

MPVPWFLLSLALGRSPVVLSLERLVGPQDATHCSPGLSCRLWDSDILCLP GDIVPAPGPVLAPTHLQTELVLRCQKETDCDLCLRVAVHLAVHGHWEEPE DEEKFGGAADSGVEEPRNASLQAQVVLSFQAYPTARCVLLEVQVPAALVQ FGQSVGSVVYDCFEAALGSEVRIWSYTQPRYEKELNHTQQLPALPWLNVS ADGDNVHLVLNVSEEQHFGLSLYWNQVQGPPKPRWHKNLTGPQIITLNHT DLVPCLCIQVWPLEPDSVRTNICPFREDPRAHQNLWQAARLRLLTLQSWL LDAPCSLPAEAALCWRAPGGDPCQPLVPPLSWENVTVDKVLEFPLLKGHP NLCVQVNSSEKLQLQECLWADSLGPLKDDVLLLETRGPQDNRSLCALEPS GCTSLPSKASTRAARLGEYLLQDLQSGQCLQLWDDDLGALWACPMDKYIH KRWALVWLACLLFAAALSLILLLKKDHAKGWLRLLKQDVRSGAAARGRAA LLLYSADDSGFERLVGALASALCQLPLRVAVDLWSRRELSAQGPVAWFHA QRRQTLQEGGVVVLLFSPGAVALCSEWLQDGVSGPGAHGPHDAFRASLSC VLPDFLQGRAPGSYVGACFDRLLHPDAVPALFRTVPVFTLPSQLPDFLGA LQQPRAPRSGRLQERAEQVSRALQPALDSYFHPPGTPAPGRGVGPGAGPG AGDGT

IL-17RD, transcript 1, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_001080973 and SEQ ID NO: 23):

   1 gcggccgccg cggccaccgc ccactcgggg ctggccagcg gcgggcggcc ggggcgcaga   61 gaacggcctg gctgggcgag cgcacggccA TGgccccgtg gctgcagctc tgctccgtct  121 tctttacggt caacgcctgc ctcaacggct cgcagctggc tgtggccgct ggcgggtccg  181 gccgcgcgcg gggcgccgac acctgtggct ggaggggagt ggggccagcc agcagaaaca  241 gtgggctgta caacatcacc ttcaaatatg acaattgtac cacctacttg aatccagtgg  301 ggaagcatgt gattgctgac gcccagaata tcaccatcag ccagtatgct tgccatgacc  361 aagtggcagt caccattctt tggtccccag gggccctcgg catcgaattc ctgaaaggat  421 ttcgggtaat actggaggag ctgaagtcgg agggaagaca gtgccaacaa ctgattctaa  481 aggatccgaa gcagctcaac agtagcttca aaagaactgg aatggaatct caacctttcc  541 tgaatatgaa atttgaaacg gattatttcg taaaggttgt cccttttcct tccattaaaa  601 acgaaagcaa ttaccaccct ttcttcttta gaacccgagc ctgtgacctg ttgttacagc  661 cggacaatct agcttgtaaa cccttctgga agcctcggaa cctgaacatc agccagcatg  721 gctcggacat gcaggtgtcc ttcgaccatg caccgcacaa cttcggcttc cgtttcttct  781 atcttcacta caagctcaag cacgaaggac ctttcaagcg aaagacctgt aagcaggagc  841 aaactacaga gacgaccagc tgcctccttc aaaatgtttc tccaggggat tatataattg  901 agctggtgga tgacactaac acaacaagaa aagtgatgca ttatgcctta aagccagtgc  961 actccccgtg ggccgggccc atcagagccg tggccatcac agtgccactg gtagtcatat 1021 cggcattcgc gacgctcttc actgtgatgt gccgcaagaa gcaacaagaa aatatatatt 1081 cacatttaga tgaagagagc tctgagtctt ccacatacac tgcagcactc ccaagagaga 1141 ggctccggcc gcggccgaag gtctttctct gctattccag taaagatggc cagaatcaca 1201 tgaatgtcgt ccagtgtttc gcctacttcc tccaggactt ctgtggctgt gaggtggctc 1261 tggacctgtg ggaagacttc agcctctgta gagaagggca gagagaatgg gtcatccaga 1321 agatccacga gtcccagttc atcattgtgg tttgttccaa aggtatgaag tactttgtgg 1381 acaagaagaa ctacaaacac aaaggaggtg gccgaggctc ggggaaagga gagctcttcc 1441 tggtggcggt gtcagccatt gccgaaaagc tccgccaggc caagcagagt tcgtccgcgg 1501 cgctcagcaa gtttatcgcc gtctactttg attattcctg cgagggagac gtccccggta 1561 tcctagacct gagtaccaag tacagactca tggacaatct tcctcagctc tgttcccact 1621 tgcactcccg agaccacggc ctccaggagc cggggcagca cacgcgacag ggcagcagaa 1681 ggaactactt ccggagcaag tcaggccggt ccctatacgt cgccatttgc aacatgcacc 1741 agtttattga cgaggagccc gactggttcg aaaagcagtt cgttcccttc catcctcctc 1801 cactgcgcta ccgggagcca gtcttggaga aatttgattc gggcttggtt ttaaatgatg 1861 tcatgtgcaa accagggcct gagagtgact tctgcctaaa ggtagaggcg gctgttcttg 1921 gggcaaccgg accagccgac tcccagcacg agagtcagca tgggggcctg gaccaagacg 1981 gggaggcccg gcctgccctt gacggtagcg ccgccctgca acccctgctg cacacggtga 2041 aagccggcag cccctcggac atgccgcggg actcaggcat ctatgactcg tctgtgccct 2101 catccgagct gtctctgcca ctgatggaag gactctcgac ggaccagaca gaaacgtctt 2161 ccctgacgga gagcgtgtcc tcctcttcag gcctgggtga ggaggaacct cctgcccttc 2221 cttccaagct cctctcttct gggtcatgca aagcagatct tggttgccgc agctacactg 2281 atgaactcca cgcggtcgcc cctttgtaac aaaacgaaag agtctaagca ttgccacttt 2341 agctgctgcc tccctctgat tccccagctc atctccctgg ttgcatggcc cacttggagc 2401 tgaggtctca tacaaggata tttggagtga aatgctggcc agtacttgtt ctcccttgcc 2461 ccaacccttt accggatatc ttgacaaact ctccaatttt ctaaaatgat atggagctct 2521 gaaaggcatg tccataaggt ctgacaacag cttgccaaat ttggttagtc cttggatcag 2581 agcctgttgt gggaggtagg gaggaaatat gtaaagaaaa acaggaagat acctgcacta 2641 atcattcaga cttcattgag ctctgcaaac tttgcctgtt tgctattggc taccttgatt 2701 tgaaatgctt tgtgaaaaaa ggcactttta acatcatagc cacagaaatc aagtgccagt 2761 ctatctggaa tccatgttgt attgcagata atgttctcat ttatttttga tgtagaattt 2821 acattgccat gggtgttaaa taagctttga gtcaaaagtc aagaaagtga ctgaatatac 2881 agtcaccttt tatgaaatga gtctctgtgt tactgggtgg catgactgat tgaggtgaag 2941 ctcacggggc caggctgacc gtcttgaccg ttccacttga gataggttgg tcatcgtgca 3001 gaaggcccca ggacctcagc acacacagcc tcctcttggt ctgagtaggc atcatgtggg 3061 ggccagatct gcctgctgtt tccatgggtt acatttactg tgctgtatct cagatgttgg 3121 tgtctggaag tttattctta agagactgct acccagctgg tctgtattat tggaagttgc 3181 agttcgtgct ttggttggcc ttctggtcta aagctgtgtc ctgaatatta gggatcacaa 3241 ttcactgaaa tacagcagtg tgtggaggtg atggccagtt aatctgctga actggttttg 3301 actaatgaca aacctctttt taagatggta gaatggaggt gatagtcaca aaagtaaatg 3361 ttccattttt atgaatgact ttctacagag tttctatttc taaagaaaaa acaattgttc 3421 acatcccatc tgatgattag catgtgtgta atgaatgctg tcttggtctc ccctgtggaa 3481 acccttctcc ctgtgcctta gagcaggtgt gtacatctct cactaccttt ctcatgggtg 3541 ctgttagatt ttggcacccg ttttctcagc attcagccca gggaatgtgg ttttcacttc 3601 ttcgtcagat aagaccaaca tgaaggggta tgttgagaaa catcctgagg caaggtggga 3661 ggtgggatgg ggcaggactt tcccttccaa gcacatgcat ggcaggtggg gaaagggggg 3721 cttgcacccc tgctggaaag aaaaggtttg tgtatatttc tgatgcaaat gtcatactca 3781 ctgctctgta aaggcagctg gcagcttttt gggaaaagaa cgtgctcgtc tgttctctgg 3841 catcaagttt cttgcagctg ctctgaggga gagacagtga gctgcaagac tgcctcccca 3901 taacaacagg caactcagag aagagtcatt ttatgttgtt cctatggaat ctggaatgag 3961 tgcagagctc ctacccacac atgactgccc cgccatttca tcctaggcat tctgtgaagg 4021 agattggtta gtccaaactt gctaacatac gaaaattcac ttggaacatg atgagagatt 4081 tcttattgag gccaagagat gtttcctgtc ccagaggaac cattaggagt cgcttttagg 4141 gtattcagct ttgttcatga aataaggcat ctctgagaaa gtggccccag ggagagaatg 4201 gaggactggg aggagaagca ttaactgagc tccaagggtg tgtgggcaga gagcttgcta 4261 tgtgaactca ctccttaaga aaatggaaga gaaaaagaga gtgctagtta aaaaatcggg 4321 atgttttagt ttggatttag ggttttgata cttatgttga aatactaatg tttctgatca 4381 ataaaatcaa actcttaata taccgagtaa tgaaaccata gtgtgattgc ctcagaataa 4441 attgagaagt ccaacttcct agttttgttt aattagtttc actttttcta ctctccccag 4501 tatgctagaa atgggaatcg ttgccctgca gattacggca aaacatctgt tttaagcaaa 4561 gctgcatttt ttgactcaga aattgtccca gacggtggat ataagatgaa attcagaaaa 4621 acgttctgcc aagtcacagg cttttagata ttatggaaac aagaaatgga aaacaggatg 4681 atctccatga gaggccttga tcctgagagt aaaaggcttg tgtagatagg ttagacaacg 4741 tcctctagaa aagagaccag ggataagtcc aggtttccag gaaaaccaag aagcctgcgg 4801 gtagctgaag gtagagtgct agttgttcat cttaacttac caatgagcta cagaaaggac 4861 ttagcatctg atgtcatcag ctttgccagg agagtgatca aggaggttaa agctcaggta 4921 aaggtgtgcc ttctcagaga ttggctacaa gcaacagaga ccacctcaac agagaccacc 4981 tcaacagact cagcccagcc atacaaggtg ccaaagctcc tccagagggc tgtcttgggc 5041 ctttgaggca attgatctcc agaaagagtc agaagtcatt ccagtccagg cccaggtatt 5101 cagatggtga cccagccaga taatagtatc ttgagcaaat aatagtatct tgagtgcaaa 5161 taagcaggaa gactgtcctt caaaaaatgt ggggttacat gattttcaga gccttttttt 5221 cagagttgag catcttttct tttaaaagaa ataaggggca agaggaccaa ttttattcct 5281 tgaggaaaaa tgacacaccc ttctcccaaa agaaagaaaa ctctctggcc ccccaacttc 5341 aacactaatt tggctccctg aagaagagag aaaatattat ttctgtcttt attgaagaga 5401 aatgggcaat gccaatgtga aggttactag tcttttttat tttctattgg tgaagactac 5461 tactgctctt atttagcaga tcttatacct tcagtggtca ccagtatagc aggtgaggta 5521 taaggaaaac agcagtgtga tgataaatgg taattaatat actttgtctg tgtcagcaat 5581 agggaatggt ggggactgtg gcaaactgaa gcgcccctgt tccacccaca gtgggtaatt 5641 ttccagtcga ctgtggccat gaagtacttc ctgatcttcc catttttcaa gaaaagctga 5701 caatctggat ttttatatga aaaattctga ttttaaaaaa tattggcaac taagttaaaa 5761 ttcaagtgaa tttagaccca gcagaagaca tggatggacc tgatttggtc cactgactac 5821 cagtttgtta acctgtgctt tataagattt gaaggaaagg cattcatggt aattacagac 5881 ggtgccacca gaaaatgctc ttgctaaatg cagccagtag ttagattgct tctttctcca 5941 gtctcccccg caaagaaatt tgacgtgatt ctgaatgcac tggacatgtc ttgattgcgt 6001 ctttacattt cacagtgtct taaaagaaag gcaagccagt tgttaatttc agaatcagat 6061 ttatgctctc tcaatttaaa aaatgctggg aacaatttca tttttttttt tttgagatgg 6121 agtcttgctc tgttgcccag gctggagtgc agtggcgtga tctcggctca ctgcaagctc 6181 cacctcccgg gttcacgcca ttctcctgcc tcagcctcct gagtagctgg gactacaggc 6241 gcccaccacc acgcctggct aatttttttg tatttttagt agagacgggg tttcactgtg 6301 ttagccagga tgatctcgat ctcctgacct ggtgatccgc ttgcctcggc ctcccaaagt 6361 gctgggatta caggcgtgag ccactgcgcc cggcctaaca atttcattta aactccacaa 6421 cctaaagggc tttgtttata gttttagctc ttggcataat ttttttcagg tggtgtgcaa 6481 ttctgagcat aggccaagac atgattagga aagcaggcag ttgtagagag taaggcaagg 6541 aacctcctag cgtccattag agccaggtat ttgcattatc ttccgtttta agtggtctgt 6601 gaattgactg tgttttggag gtgtgaaaca gtatacagag aaaagctttt cctgatactg 6661 agatatcagt taggagtcca aatggggtgt tgggtcatcc ttgccatatc acctcctttc 6721 caggctcaga gtgaaaatag acaaaaggaa atctgactgc aagccagtgg ctttgattcc 6781 agtttcagag tttagggact aggagagagt ttagattatc tagcatattc tccccctggt 6841 gtcagacagg gctgtgcctg aattattcca gacatatggc tgtagatggt attctttatt 6901 ttataagaag gagattctgt aacctaccct gctgatcaga tagttctttg tatgtcttag 6961 agaaattcaa gccagcttcc ttttgttcgg cttgtagtgg agaaagaaca gctggtcacc 7021 ttccatgtat tcaaaaacca cagtgaagtc atccccctgg tgtttttatt tcagtgataa 7081 ataattccac ccacttaaac cattcttcat ggctcttgtt ttccaggggc ctaataattt 7141 tcactgctgt aatgtttctc agcttcacac ttagtttagt tgcccaaaca atgttggtgc 7201 cttactcaca ttggtgcctt gtgaagacga ggctcaggat ggggattatg gggaaattct 7261 tgcacaccca gctcctctta ccacttaaaa atataatggc actttcacaa aatgatatgt 7321 cacctatatt cattgagaat tatttgactg ccacattttt cccctgatga tagtcatcta 7381 tcataacttg tgtttgtttt cctcctgaga tcaaacactt ggtgcttatt cctgatgtat 7441 actctgagac cagctcttac cttctgagtg gcagctaccc ctccctccca attttagatc 7501 ctatttttac acatctctat agatatcacc tttatttcat gactcacaat attaaatggt 7561 acagacttca gtttaaccac tggtgtggta acagcagtag ttgctaagta ccaccttccc 7621 attgctgttt gagggctaat ttgcaaagac atttgaatct cccagtgaag atgtctgggg 7681 aattttggcc agttgtcttc cctcttgccc ttttgttctt taaaattcag cttggaccat 7741 agacacctcc aggatcttgt ttatgttctg ctctcaattg accaagcact gcgttttgca 7801 caatcagaag tctcacaaaa gcaaacagtt atgactgcat atctgatgtt tatatcctat 7861 aaaatttcag gaagattcag agtcaatctt ctatttgtac atgatgtaga caaaattagc 7921 tgctccaatt gttagacaaa aaattgccat tggattacac taatgtgctc atctgttgtt 7981 ttaaaagttt ggtatcaggc ggggcacggt ggctcacgcc tgtaatccca gcattttggg 8041 aggccaaggt gggcggatca cctgaggtcc agagttcaag accagcctga ccaacatggt 8101 gaaaccctgt ctctactaaa aatacaaaat taatcaggcg tggttgtgtg tgcctgtaat 8161 cccagctact cgagaggctg aggcaggaga atcgcttgaa tccgggaggc agaggttgca 8221 gtgagctgag atcacgccat tgcactctag cctgggcaac aagagcgaaa ctccgtctca 8281 acaacaacaa caaaaagttt ggtatgtttc tctcaagaaa aaagcatggt gagtccagac 8341 agcagcaaaa gcttttgtga aaaccaattg tgttcatcta gatagtaagt aactcctatt 8401 tttactgtta attttttaaa agagaatttt tccctgtgga aactccctgt tagtacgtcc 8461 taggggagaa agcctgtgga atatggtggt tattgatggc gttgcctttg tttcatcttt 8521 gagtttgccc tttgtgggat ctagtgggat aatgagcact gacagaactc ttaacagcgt 8581 gctgtatttt tgacattgaa aatgttaatg acttgatttg tacataactc tgtaactagg 8641 tgaaagtaga tcacagctga catttacaaa atgtttttgt accttagaat ttctgcatta 8701 aataaaatgt tttgttttaa 

IL-17RD, transcript 1, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_001080973 and SEQ ID NO: 24):

MAPWLQLCSVFFTVNACLNGSQLAVAAGGSGRARGADTCGWRGVGPASR NSGLYNITFKYDNCTTYLNPVGKHVIADAQNITISQYACHDQVAVTILW SPGALGIEFLKGFRVILEELKSEGRQCQQLILKDPKQLNSSFKRTGMES QPFLNMKFETDYFVKVVPFPSIKNESNYHPFFFRTRACDLLLQPDNLAC KPFWKPRNLNISQHGSDMQVSFDHAPHNFGFRFFYLHYKLKHEGPFKRK TCKQEQTTETTSCLLQNVSPGDYIIELVDDTNTTRKVMHYALKPVHSPW AGPIRAVAITVPLVVISAFATLFTVMCRKKQQENIYSHLDEESSESSTY TAALPRERLRPRPKVFLCYSSKDGQNHMNVVQCFAYFLQDFCGCEVALD LWEDFSLCREGQREWVIQKIHESQFIIVVCSKGMKYFVDKKNYKHKGGG RGSGKGELFLVAVSAIAEKLRQAKQSSSAALSKFIAVYFDYSCEGDVPG ILDLSTKYRLMDNLPQLCSHLHSRDHGLQEPGQHTRQGSRRNYFRSKSG RSLYVAICNMHQFIDEEPDWFEKQFVPFHPPPLRYREPVLEKFDSGLVL NDVMCKPGPESDFCLKVEAAVLGATGPADSQHESQHGGLDQDGEARPAL DGSAALQPLLHTVKAGSPSDMPRDSGIYDSSVPSSELSLPLMEGLSTDQ TETSSLTESVSSSSGLGEEEPPALPSKLLSSGSCKADLGCRSYTDELHA VAPL 

IL-17RD, transcript 2, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_017563 and SEQ ID NO: 25, note that this sequence contains an alternative start codon from nucleotide position 208-210):

   1 atccgctctt cttttcctcc gggaaaagaa acgggaagtg gccgtgggcc ggtgaattcc   61 gtgtagtggc caagctttgt tccaaagagg gggaggtggt gacagtctct tgcccactga  121 agcgtgccag acagagtgct aggcatgggg gcagaggtga atcagatgac agccacctct  181 caccacgagg agtggctgaa agtgtgaCTG gactacaggc aatcctggcc ttggcaggga  241 gtggggccag ccagcagaaa cagtgggctg tacaacatca ccttcaaata tgacaattgt  301 accacctact tgaatccagt ggggaagcat gtgattgctg acgcccagaa tatcaccatc  361 agccagtatg cttgccatga ccaagtggca gtcaccattc tttggtcccc aggggccctc  421 ggcatcgaat tcctgaaagg atttcgggta atactggagg agctgaagtc ggagggaaga  481 cagtgccaac aactgattct aaaggatccg aagcagctca acagtagctt caaaagaact  541 ggaatggaat ctcaaccttt cctgaatatg aaatttgaaa cggattattt cgtaaaggtt  601 gtcccttttc cttccattaa aaacgaaagc aattaccacc ctttcttctt tagaacccga  661 gcctgtgacc tgttgttaca gccggacaat ctagcttgta aacccttctg gaagcctcgg  721 aacctgaaca tcagccagca tggctcggac atgcaggtgt ccttcgacca tgcaccgcac  781 aacttcggct tccgtttctt ctatcttcac tacaagctca agcacgaagg acctttcaag  841 cgaaagacct gtaagcagga gcaaactaca gagacgacca gctgcctcct tcaaaatgtt  901 tctccagggg attatataat tgagctggtg gatgacacta acacaacaag aaaagtgatg  961 cattatgcct taaagccagt gcactccccg tgggccgggc ccatcagagc cgtggccatc 1021 acagtgccac tggtagtcat atcggcattc gcgacgctct tcactgtgat gtgccgcaag 1081 aagcaacaag aaaatatata ttcacattta gatgaagaga gctctgagtc ttccacatac 1141 actgcagcac tcccaagaga gaggctccgg ccgcggccga aggtctttct ctgctattcc 1201 agtaaagatg gccagaatca catgaatgtc gtccagtgtt tcgcctactt cctccaggac 1261 ttctgtggct gtgaggtggc tctggacctg tgggaagact tcagcctctg tagagaaggg 1321 cagagagaat gggtcatcca gaagatccac gagtcccagt tcatcattgt ggtttgttcc 1381 aaaggtatga agtactttgt ggacaagaag aactacaaac acaaaggagg tggccgaggc 1441 tcggggaaag gagagctctt cctggtggcg gtgtcagcca ttgccgaaaa gctccgccag 1501 gccaagcaga gttcgtccgc ggcgctcagc aagtttatcg ccgtctactt tgattattcc 1561 tgcgagggag acgtccccgg tatcctagac ctgagtacca agtacagact catggacaat 1621 cttcctcagc tctgttccca cttgcactcc cgagaccacg gcctccagga gccggggcag 1681 cacacgcgac agggcagcag aaggaactac ttccggagca agtcaggccg gtccctatac 1741 gtcgccattt gcaacatgca ccagtttatt gacgaggagc ccgactggtt cgaaaagcag 1801 ttcgttccct tccatcctcc tccactgcgc taccgggagc cagtcttgga gaaatttgat 1861 tcgggcttgg ttttaaatga tgtcatgtgc aaaccagggc ctgagagtga cttctgccta 1921 aaggtagagg cggctgttct tggggcaacc ggaccagccg actcccagca cgagagtcag 1981 catgggggcc tggaccaaga cggggaggcc cggcctgccc ttgacggtag cgccgccctg 2041 caacccctgc tgcacacggt gaaagccggc agcccctcgg acatgccgcg ggactcaggc 2101 atctatgact cgtctgtgcc ctcatccgag ctgtctctgc cactgatgga aggactctcg 2161 acggaccaga cagaaacgtc ttccctgacg gagagcgtgt cctcctcttc aggcctgggt 2221 gaggaggaac ctcctgccct tccttccaag ctcctctctt ctgggtcatg caaagcagat 2281 cttggttgcc gcagctacac tgatgaactc cacgcggtcg cccctttgta acaaaacgaa 2341 agagtctaag cattgccact ttagctgctg cctccctctg attccccagc tcatctccct 2401 ggttgcatgg cccacttgga gctgaggtct catacaagga tatttggagt gaaatgctgg 2461 ccagtacttg ttctcccttg ccccaaccct ttaccggata tcttgacaaa ctctccaatt 2521 ttctaaaatg atatggagct ctgaaaggca tgtccataag gtctgacaac agcttgccaa 2581 atttggttag tccttggatc agagcctgtt gtgggaggta gggaggaaat atgtaaagaa 2641 aaacaggaag atacctgcac taatcattca gacttcattg agctctgcaa actttgcctg 2701 tttgctattg gctaccttga tttgaaatgc tttgtgaaaa aaggcacttt taacatcata 2761 gccacagaaa tcaagtgcca gtctatctgg aatccatgtt gtattgcaga taatgttctc 2821 atttattttt gatgtagaat ttacattgcc atgggtgtta aataagcttt gagtcaaaag 2881 tcaagaaagt gactgaatat acagtcacct tttatgaaat gagtctctgt gttactgggt 2941 ggcatgactg attgaggtga agctcacggg gccaggctga ccgtcttgac cgttccactt 3001 gagataggtt ggtcatcgtg cagaaggccc caggacctca gcacacacag cctcctcttg 3061 gtctgagtag gcatcatgtg ggggccagat ctgcctgctg tttccatggg ttacatttac 3121 tgtgctgtat ctcagatgtt ggtgtctgga agtttattct taagagactg ctacccagct 3181 ggtctgtatt attggaagtt gcagttcgtg ctttggttgg ccttctggtc taaagctgtg 3241 tcctgaatat tagggatcac aattcactga aatacagcag tgtgtggagg tgatggccag 3301 ttaatctgct gaactggttt tgactaatga caaacctctt tttaagatgg tagaatggag 3361 gtgatagtca caaaagtaaa tgttccattt ttatgaatga ctttctacag agtttctatt 3421 tctaaagaaa aaacaattgt tcacatccca tctgatgatt agcatgtgtg taatgaatgc 3481 tgtcttggtc tcccctgtgg aaacccttct ccctgtgcct tagagcaggt gtgtacatct 3541 ctcactacct ttctcatggg tgctgttaga ttttggcacc cgttttctca gcattcagcc 3601 cagggaatgt ggttttcact tcttcgtcag ataagaccaa catgaagggg tatgttgaga 3661 aacatcctga ggcaaggtgg gaggtgggat ggggcaggac tttcccttcc aagcacatgc 3721 atggcaggtg gggaaagggg ggcttgcacc cctgctggaa agaaaaggtt tgtgtatatt 3781 tctgatgcaa atgtcatact cactgctctg taaaggcagc tggcagcttt ttgggaaaag 3841 aacgtgctcg tctgttctct ggcatcaagt ttcttgcagc tgctctgagg gagagacagt 3901 gagctgcaag actgcctccc cataacaaca ggcaactcag agaagagtca ttttatgttg 3961 ttcctatgga atctggaatg agtgcagagc tcctacccac acatgactgc cccgccattt 4021 catcctaggc attctgtgaa ggagattggt tagtccaaac ttgctaacat acgaaaattc 4081 acttggaaca tgatgagaga tttcttattg aggccaagag atgtttcctg tcccagagga 4141 accattagga gtcgctttta gggtattcag ctttgttcat gaaataaggc atctctgaga 4201 aagtggcccc agggagagaa tggaggactg ggaggagaag cattaactga gctccaaggg 4261 tgtgtgggca gagagcttgc tatgtgaact cactccttaa gaaaatggaa gagaaaaaga 4321 gagtgctagt taaaaaatcg ggatgtttta gtttggattt agggttttga tacttatgtt 4381 gaaatactaa tgtttctgat caataaaatc aaactcttaa tataccgagt aatgaaacca 4441 tagtgtgatt gcctcagaat aaattgagaa gtccaacttc ctagttttgt ttaattagtt 4501 tcactttttc tactctcccc agtatgctag aaatgggaat cgttgccctg cagattacgg 4561 caaaacatct gttttaagca aagctgcatt ttttgactca gaaattgtcc cagacggtgg 4621 atataagatg aaattcagaa aaacgttctg ccaagtcaca ggcttttaga tattatggaa 4681 acaagaaatg gaaaacagga tgatctccat gagaggcctt gatcctgaga gtaaaaggct 4741 tgtgtagata ggttagacaa cgtcctctag aaaagagacc agggataagt ccaggtttcc 4801 aggaaaacca agaagcctgc gggtagctga aggtagagtg ctagttgttc atcttaactt 4861 accaatgagc tacagaaagg acttagcatc tgatgtcatc agctttgcca ggagagtgat 4921 caaggaggtt aaagctcagg taaaggtgtg ccttctcaga gattggctac aagcaacaga 4981 gaccacctca acagagacca cctcaacaga ctcagcccag ccatacaagg tgccaaagct 5041 cctccagagg gctgtcttgg gcctttgagg caattgatct ccagaaagag tcagaagtca 5101 ttccagtcca ggcccaggta ttcagatggt gacccagcca gataatagta tcttgagcaa 5161 ataatagtat cttgagtgca aataagcagg aagactgtcc ttcaaaaaat gtggggttac 5221 atgattttca gagccttttt ttcagagttg agcatctttt cttttaaaag aaataagggg 5281 caagaggacc aattttattc cttgaggaaa aatgacacac ccttctccca aaagaaagaa 5341 aactctctgg ccccccaact tcaacactaa tttggctccc tgaagaagag agaaaatatt 5401 atttctgtct ttattgaaga gaaatgggca atgccaatgt gaaggttact agtctttttt 5461 attttctatt ggtgaagact actactgctc ttatttagca gatcttatac cttcagtggt 5521 caccagtata gcaggtgagg tataaggaaa acagcagtgt gatgataaat ggtaattaat 5581 atactttgtc tgtgtcagca atagggaatg gtggggactg tggcaaactg aagcgcccct 5641 gttccaccca cagtgggtaa ttttccagtc gactgtggcc atgaagtact tcctgatctt 5701 cccatttttc aagaaaagct gacaatctgg atttttatat gaaaaattct gattttaaaa 5761 aatattggca actaagttaa aattcaagtg aatttagacc cagcagaaga catggatgga 5821 cctgatttgg tccactgact accagtttgt taacctgtgc tttataagat ttgaaggaaa 5881 ggcattcatg gtaattacag acggtgccac cagaaaatgc tcttgctaaa tgcagccagt 5941 agttagattg cttctttctc cagtctcccc cgcaaagaaa tttgacgtga ttctgaatgc 6001 actggacatg tcttgattgc gtctttacat ttcacagtgt cttaaaagaa aggcaagcca 6061 gttgttaatt tcagaatcag atttatgctc tctcaattta aaaaatgctg ggaacaattt 6121 catttttttt tttttgagat ggagtcttgc tctgttgccc aggctggagt gcagtggcgt 6181 gatctcggct cactgcaagc tccacctccc gggttcacgc cattctcctg cctcagcctc 6241 ctgagtagct gggactacag gcgcccacca ccacgcctgg ctaatttttt tgtattttta 6301 gtagagacgg ggtttcactg tgttagccag gatgatctcg atctcctgac ctggtgatcc 6361 gcttgcctcg gcctcccaaa gtgctgggat tacaggcgtg agccactgcg cccggcctaa 6421 caatttcatt taaactccac aacctaaagg gctttgttta tagttttagc tcttggcata 6481 atttttttca ggtggtgtgc aattctgagc ataggccaag acatgattag gaaagcaggc 6541 agttgtagag agtaaggcaa ggaacctcct agcgtccatt agagccaggt atttgcatta 6601 tcttccgttt taagtggtct gtgaattgac tgtgttttgg aggtgtgaaa cagtatacag 6661 agaaaagctt ttcctgatac tgagatatca gttaggagtc caaatggggt gttgggtcat 6721 ccttgccata tcacctcctt tccaggctca gagtgaaaat agacaaaagg aaatctgact 6781 gcaagccagt ggctttgatt ccagtttcag agtttaggga ctaggagaga gtttagatta 6841 tctagcatat tctccccctg gtgtcagaca gggctgtgcc tgaattattc cagacatatg 6901 gctgtagatg gtattcttta ttttataaga aggagattct gtaacctacc ctgctgatca 6961 gatagttctt tgtatgtctt agagaaattc aagccagctt ccttttgttc ggcttgtagt 7021 ggagaaagaa cagctggtca ccttccatgt attcaaaaac cacagtgaag tcatccccct 7081 ggtgttttta tttcagtgat aaataattcc acccacttaa accattcttc atggctcttg 7141 ttttccaggg gcctaataat tttcactgct gtaatgtttc tcagcttcac acttagttta 7201 gttgcccaaa caatgttggt gccttactca cattggtgcc ttgtgaagac gaggctcagg 7261 atggggatta tggggaaatt cttgcacacc cagctcctct taccacttaa aaatataatg 7321 gcactttcac aaaatgatat gtcacctata ttcattgaga attatttgac tgccacattt 7381 ttcccctgat gatagtcatc tatcataact tgtgtttgtt ttcctcctga gatcaaacac 7441 ttggtgctta ttcctgatgt atactctgag accagctctt accttctgag tggcagctac 7501 ccctccctcc caattttaga tcctattttt acacatctct atagatatca cctttatttc 7561 atgactcaca atattaaatg gtacagactt cagtttaacc actggtgtgg taacagcagt 7621 agttgctaag taccaccttc ccattgctgt ttgagggcta atttgcaaag acatttgaat 7681 ctcccagtga agatgtctgg ggaattttgg ccagttgtct tccctcttgc ccttttgttc 7741 tttaaaattc agcttggacc atagacacct ccaggatctt gtttatgttc tgctctcaat 7801 tgaccaagca ctgcgttttg cacaatcaga agtctcacaa aagcaaacag ttatgactgc 7861 atatctgatg tttatatcct ataaaatttc aggaagattc agagtcaatc ttctatttgt 7921 acatgatgta gacaaaatta gctgctccaa ttgttagaca aaaaattgcc attggattac 7981 actaatgtgc tcatctgttg ttttaaaagt ttggtatcag gcggggcacg gtggctcacg 8041 cctgtaatcc cagcattttg ggaggccaag gtgggcggat cacctgaggt ccagagttca 8101 agaccagcct gaccaacatg gtgaaaccct gtctctacta aaaatacaaa attaatcagg 8161 cgtggttgtg tgtgcctgta atcccagcta ctcgagaggc tgaggcagga gaatcgcttg 8221 aatccgggag gcagaggttg cagtgagctg agatcacgcc attgcactct agcctgggca  8281 acaagagcga aactccgtct caacaacaac aacaaaaagt ttggtatgtt tctctcaaga 8341 aaaaagcatg gtgagtccag acagcagcaa aagcttttgt gaaaaccaat tgtgttcatc 8401 tagatagtaa gtaactccta tttttactgt taatttttta aaagagaatt tttccctgtg 8461 gaaactccct gttagtacgt cctaggggag aaagcctgtg gaatatggtg gttattgatg 8521 gcgttgcctt tgtttcatct ttgagtttgc cctttgtggg atctagtggg ataatgagca 8581 ctgacagaac tcttaacagc gtgctgtatt tttgacattg aaaatgttaa tgacttgatt 8641 tgtacataac tctgtaacta ggtgaaagta gatcacagct gacatttaca aaatgttttt 8701 gtaccttaga atttctgcat taaataaaat gttttgtttt aa

IL-17RD, transcript 2, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_017563 and SEQ ID NO: 26):

MDYRQSWPWQGVGPASRNSGLYNITFKYDNCTTYLNPVGKHVIADAQNI TISQYACHDQVAVTILWSPGALGIEFLKGFRVILEELKSEGRQCQQLIL KDPKQLNSSFKRTGMESQPFLNMKFETDYFVKVVPFPSIKNESNYHPFF FRTRACDLLLQPDNLACKPFWKPRNLNISQHGSDMQVSFDHAPHNFGFR FFYLHYKLKHEGPFKRKTCKQEQTTETTSCLLQNVSPGDYIIELVDDTN TTRKVMHYALKPVHSPWAGPIRAVAITVPLVVISAFATLFTVMCRKKQQ ENIYSHLDEESSESSTYTAALPRERLRPRPKVFLCYSSKDGQNHMNVVQ CFAYFLQDFCGCEVALDLWEDFSLCREGQREWVIQKIHESQFIIVVCSK GMKYFVDKKNYKHKGGGRGSGKGELFLVAVSAIAEKLRQAKQSSSAALS KFIAVYFDYSCEGDVPGILDLSTKYRLMDNLPQLCSHLHSRDHGLQEPG QHTRQGSRRNYFRSKSGRSLYVAICNMHQFIDEEPDWFEKQFVPFHPPP LRYREPVLEKFDSGLVLNDVMCKPGPESDFCLKVEAAVLGATGPADSQH ESQHGGLDQDGEARPALDGSAALQPLLHTVKAGSPSDMPRDSGIYDSSV PSSELSLPLMEGLSTDQTETSSLTESVSSSSGLGEEEPPALPSKLLSSG SCKADLGCRSYTDELHAVAPL

IL-17RE, transcript variant 1, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153480 and SEQ ID NO: 27):

   1 cgagggctcc tgctggtact gtgttcgctg ctgcacagca aggccctgcc acccaccttc   61 aggccatgca gccatgttcc gggagcccta attgcacaga agcccATGgg gagctccaga  121 ctggcagccc tgctcctgcc tctcctcctc atagtcatcg acctctctga ctctgctggg  181 attggctttc gccacctgcc ccactggaac acccgctgtc ctctggcctc ccacacggat  241 gacagtttca ctggaagttc tgcctatatc ccttgccgca cctggtgggc cctcttctcc  301 acaaagcctt ggtgtgtgcg agtctggcac tgttcccgct gtttgtgcca gcatctgctg  361 tcaggtggct caggtcttca acggggcctc ttccacctcc tggtgcagaa atccaaaaag  421 tcttccacat tcaagttcta taggagacac aagatgccag cacctgctca gaggaagctg  481 ctgcctcgtc gtcacctgtc tgagaagagc catcacattt ccatcccctc cccagacatc  541 tcccacaagg gacttcgctc taaaaggacc caaccttcgg atccagagac atgggaaagt  601 cttcccagat tggactcaca aaggcatgga ggacccgagt tctcctttga tttgctgcct  661 gaggcccggg ctattcgggt gaccatatct tcaggccctg aggtcagcgt gcgtctttgt  721 caccagtggg cactggagtg tgaagagctg agcagtccct atgatgtcca gaaaattgtg  781 tctgggggcc acactgtaga gctgccttat gaattccttc tgccctgtct gtgcatagag  841 gcatcctacc tgcaagagga cactgtgagg cgcaaaaaat gtcccttcca gagctggcca  901 gaagcctatg gctcggactt ctggaagtca gtgcacttca ctgactacag ccagcacact  961 cagatggtca tggccctgac actccgctgc ccactgaagc tggaagctgc cctctgccag 1021 aggcacgact ggcataccct ttgcaaagac ctcccgaatg ccacagctcg agagtcagat 1081 gggtggtatg ttttggagaa ggtggacctg cacccccagc tctgcttcaa gttctctttt 1141 ggaaacagca gccatgttga atgcccccac cagactgggt ctctcacatc ctggaatgta 1201 agcatggata cccaagccca gcagctgatt cttcacttct cctcaagaat gcatgccacc 1261 ttcagtgctg cctggagcct cccaggcttg gggcaggaca ctttggtgcc ccccgtgtac 1321 actgtcagcc aggcccgggg ctcaagccca gtgtcactag acctcatcat tcccttcctg 1381 aggccagggt gctgtgtcct ggtgtggcgg tcagatgtcc agtttgcctg gaagcacctc 1441 ttgtgtccgg atgtctctta cagacacctg gggctcttga tcctggcact gctggccctc 1501 ctcaccctac tgggtgttgt tctggccctc acctgccggc gcccacagtc aggcccgggc 1561 ccagcgcggc cagtgctcct cctgcacgcg gcggactcgg aggcgcagcg gcgcctggtg 1621 ggagcgctgg ctgaactgct acgggcagcg ctgggcggcg ggcgcgacgt gatcgtggac 1681 ctgtgggagg ggaggcacgt ggcgcgcgtg ggcccgctgc cgtggctctg ggcggcgcgg 1741 acgcgcgtag cgcgggagca gggcactgtg ctgctgctgt ggagcggcgc cgaccttcgc 1801 ccggtcagcg gccccgaccc ccgcgccgcg cccctgctcg ccctgctcca cgctgccccg 1861 cgcccgctgc tgctgctcgc ttacttcagt cgcctctgcg ccaagggcga catccccccg 1921 ccgctgcgcg ccctgccgcg ctaccgcctg ctgcgcgacc tgccgcgtct gctgcgggcg 1981 ctggacgcgc ggcctttcgc agaggccacc agctggggcc gccttggggc gcggcagcgc 2041 aggcagagcc gcctagagct gtgcagccgg ctcgaacgag aggccgcccg acttgcagac 2101 ctaggttgag cagagctcca ccgcagtccc gggtgtctgc ggccgcaacg caacggacac 2161 tggctggaac cccggaatga gccttcgacc ctgaaatcct tggggtgcct cgaggacgac 2221 tggccgaaaa gccgcattcc ctgcctcaca ggccggaagt cccagcccag tccccgcgcg 2281 cgtccctctt cctcctcata ctttcccttg actgagagct cctctaaccc ctgttctgat 2341 gggggagggc ggtcttccca cttcctctcc agaactccag aaagagcagt gtgcttatgc 2401 ttcagtccag gctggagagg ttggggccgg ggtagggagg caggagccat gtcagttctg 2461 aaggagggtg aggcggtggg ggattgcagg gggcggctga gagaaaacct ccttgggggc 2521 cagggattcc ctttcccact ctgaggctct ggccagaggg agagaggact ctggacctag 2581 gaaaagaggc ttttggctcc aggtggtcag gacagtgggg gttgggggtg gggtgggtgg 2641 gtgctggcgg tggggaccaa gatccggaaa gatgaataaa gacaaacatg acaaactaag 2701 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa

IL-17RE, transcript variant 1, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153480 and SEQ ID NO: 28):

MGSSRLAALLLPLLLIVIDLSDSAGIGFRHLPHWNTRCPLASHTDDSFTG SSAYIPCRTWWALFSTKPWCVRVWHCSRCLCQHLLSGGSGLQRGLFHLLV QKSKKSSTFKFYRRHKMPAPAQRKLLPRRHLSEKSHHISIPSPDISHKGL RSKRTQPSDPETWESLPRLDSQRHGGPEFSFDLLPEARAIRVTISSGPEV SVRLCHQWALECEELSSPYDVQKIVSGGHTVELPYEELLPCLCIEASYLQ EDTVRRKKCPFQSWPEAYGSDFWKSVHFTDYSQHTQMVMALTLRCPLKLE AALCQRHDWHTLCKDLPNATARESDGWYVLEKVDLHPQLCFKFSFGNSSH VECPHQTGSLTSWNVSMDTQAQQLILHFSSRMHATFSAAWSLPGLGQDTL VPPVYTVSQARGSSPVSLDLIIPFLRPGCCVLVWRSDVQFAWKHLLCPDV SYRHLGLLILALLALLTLLGVVLALTCRRPQSGPGPARPVLLLHAADSEA QRRLVGALAELLRAALGGGRDVIVDLWEGRHVARVGPLPWLWAARTRVAR EQGTVLLLWSGADLRPSGPDPRAAPLLALLHAAPRPLLLLAYFSRLCAKG DIPPPLRALPRYRLLRDLPRLLRALDARPFAEATSWGRLGARQRRQSRLE LCSRLEREAARLADLG

IL-17RE, transcript variant 2, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153481 and SEQ ID NO: 29):

   1 cgagggctcc tgctggtact gtgttcgctg ctgcacagca aggccctgcc acccaccttc   61 aggccatgca gccatgttcc gggagcccta attgcacaga agcccatggg gagctccaga  121 ctggcagccc tgctcctgcc tctcctcctc atagtcatcg acctctctga ctctgctggg  181 attggctttc gccacctgcc ccactggaac acccgctgtc ctctggcctc ccacacggtc  241 ttcaacgggg cctcttccac ctcctggtgc agaaatccaa aaagtcttcc acattcaagt  301 tctataggag acacaagATG ccagcacctg ctcagaggaa gctgctgcct cgtcgtcacc  361 tgtctgagaa gagccatcac atttccatcc cctccccaga catctcccac aagggacttc  421 gctctaaaag gacccaacct tcggatccag agacatggga aagtcttccc agattggact  481 cacaaaggca tggaggaccc gagttctcct ttgatttgct gcctgaggcc cgggctattc  541 gggtgaccat atcttcaggc cctgaggtca gcgtgcgtct ttgtcaccag tgggcactgg  601 agtgtgaaga gctgagcagt ccctatgatg tccagaaaat tgtgtctggg ggccacactg  661 tagagctgcc ttatgaattc cttctgccct gtctgtgcat agaggcatcc tacctgcaag  721 aggacactgt gaggcgcaaa aaatgtccct tccagagctg gccagaagcc tatggctcgg  781 acttctggaa gtcagtgcac ttcactgact acagccagca cactcagatg gtcatggccc  841 tgacactccg ctgcccactg aagctggaag ctgccctctg ccagaggcac gactggcata  901 ccctttgcaa agacctcccg aatgccacag ctcgagagtc agatgggtgg tatgttttgg  961 agaaggtgga cctgcacccc cagctctgct tcaagttctc ttttggaaac agcagccatg 1021 ttgaatgccc ccaccagact gggtctctca catcctggaa tgtaagcatg gatacccaag 1081 cccagcagct gattcttcac ttctcctcaa gaatgcatgc caccttcagt gctgcctgga 1141 gcctcccagg cttggggcag gacactttgg tgccccccgt gtacactgtc agccaggccc 1201 ggggctcaag cccagtgtca ctagacctca tcattccctt cctgaggcca gggtgctgtg 1261 tcctggtgtg gcggtcagat gtccagtttg cctggaagca cctcttgtgt ccggatgtct 1321 cttacagaca cctggggctc ttgatcctgg cactgctggc cctcctcacc ctactgggtg 1381 ttgttctggc cctcacctgc cggcgcccac agtcaggccc gggcccagcg cggccagtgc 1441 tcctcctgca cgcggcggac tcggaggcgc agcggcgcct ggtgggagcg ctggctgaac 1501 tgctacgggc agcgctgggc ggcgggcgcg acgtgatcgt ggacctgtgg gaggggaggc 1561 acgtggcgcg cgtgggcccg ctgccgtggc tctgggcggc gcggacgcgc gtagcgcggg 1621 agcagggcac tgtgctgctg ctgtggagcg gcgccgacct tcgcccggtc agcggccccg 1681 acccccgcgc cgcgcccctg ctcgccctgc tccacgctgc cccgcgcccg ctgctgctgc 1741 tcgcttactt cagtcgcctc tgcgccaagg gcgacatccc cccgccgctg cgcgccctgc 1801 cgcgctaccg cctgctgcgc gacctgccgc gtctgctgcg ggcgctggac gcgcggcctt 1861 tcgcagaggc caccagctgg ggccgccttg gggcgcggca gcgcaggcag agccgcctag 1921 agctgtgcag ccggctcgaa cgagaggccg cccgacttgc agacctaggt tgagcagagc 1981 tccaccgcag tcccgggtgt ctgcggccgc aacgcaacgg acactggctg gaaccccgga 2041 atgagccttc gaccctgaaa tccttggggt gcctcgagga cgactggccg aaaagccgca 2101 ttccctgcct cacaggccgg aagtcccagc ccagtccccg cgcgcgtccc tcttcctcct 2161 catactttcc cttgactgag agctcctcta acccctgttc tgatggggga gggcggtctt 2221 cccacttcct ctccagaact ccagaaagag cagtgtgctt atgcttcagt ccaggctgga 2281 gaggttgggg ccggggtagg gaggcaggag ccatgtcagt tctgaaggag ggtgaggcgg 2341 tgggggattg cagggggcgg ctgagagaaa acctccttgg gggccaggga ttccctttcc 2401 cactctgagg ctctggccag agggagagag gactctggac ctaggaaaag aggcttttgg 2461 ctccaggtgg tcaggacagt gggggttggg ggtggggtgg gtgggtgctg gcggtgggga 2521 ccaagatccg gaaagatgaa taaagacaaa catgacaaac taagaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 2581 a

IL-17RE, transcript variant 2, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153481 and SEQ ID NO: 30):

MPAPAQRKLLPRRHLSEKSHHISIPSPDISHKGLRSKRTQPSDPETWES LPRLDSQRHGGPEFSFDLLPEARAIRVTISSGPEVSVRLCHQWALECEE LSSPYDVQKIVSGGHTVELPYEFLLPCLCIEASYLQEDTVRRKKCPFQS WPEAYGSDFWKSVHFTDYSQHTQMVMALTLRCPLKLEAALCQRHDWHTL CKDLPNATARESDGWYVLEKVDLHPQLCFKFSFGNSSHVECPHQTGSLT SWNVSMDTQAQQLILHFSSRMHATFSAAWSLPGLGQDTLVPPVYTVSQA RGSSPVSLDLIIPFLRPGCCVLVWRSDVQFAWKHLLCPDVSYRHLGLLI LALLALLTLLGVVLALTCRRPQSGPGPARPVLLLHAADSEAQRRLVGAL AELLRAALGGGRDVIVDLWEGRHVARVGPLPWLWAARTRVAREQGTVLL LWSGADLRPVSGPDPRAAPLLALLHAAPRPLLLLAYFSRLCAKGDIPPP LRALPRYRLLRDLPRLLRALDARPFAEATSWGRLGARQRRQSRLELCSR LEREAARLADLG

IL-17RE, transcript variant 5, is encoded by the following mRNA sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153483 and SEQ ID NO: 31):

   1 ggtgcgtccc ccaacctgat gctagcccct ttcctgttac ttctcaccca cagcaggagc   61 cccttgtctt tcaggccatg cagccatgtt ccgggagccc taattgcaca gaagoccATG  121 gggagctcca gactggcagc cctgctcctg cctctcctcc tcatagtcat cgacctctct  181 gactctgctg ggattggctt tcgccacctg ccccactgga acacccgctg tcctctggcc  241 tcccacacgg atgacagttt cactggaagt tctgcctata tcccttgccg cacctggtgg  301 gccctcttct ccacaaagcc ttggtgtgtg cgagtctggc actgttcccg ctgtttgtgc  361 cagcatctgc tgtcaggtgg ctcaggtctt caacggggcc tcttccacct cctggtgcag  421 aaatccaaaa agtcttccac attcaagttc tataggagac acaagatgcc agcacctgct  481 cagaggaagc tgctgcctcg tcgtcacctg tctgagaaga gccatcacat ttccatcccc  541 tccccagaca tctcccacaa gggacttcgc tctaaaagga cccaaccttc ggatccagag  601 acatgggaaa gtcttcccag attggactca caaaggcatg gaggacccga gttctccttt  661 gatttgctgc ctgaggcccg ggctattcgg gtgaccatat cttcaggccc tgaggtcagc  721 gtgcgtcttt gtcaccagtg ggcactggag tgtgaagagc tgagcagtcc ctatgatgtc  781 cagaaaattg tgtctggggg ccacactgta gagctgcctt atgaattcct tctgccctgt  841 ctgtgcatag aggcatccta cctgcaagag gacactgtga ggcgcaaaaa atgtcccttc  901 cagagctggc cagaagccta tggctcggac ttctggaagt cagtgcactt cactgactac  961 agccagcaca ctcagatggt catggccctg acactccgct gcccactgaa gctggaagct 1021 gccctctgcc agaggcacga ctggcatacc ctttgcaaag acctcccgaa tgccacagct 1081 cgagagtcag atgggtggta tgttttggag aaggtggacc tgcaccccca gctctgcttc 1141 aagttctctt ttggaaacag cagccatgtt gaatgccccc accagactgg gtctctcaca 1201 tcctggaatg taagcatgga tacccaagcc cagcagctga ttcttcactt ctcctcaaga 1261 atgcatgcca ccttcagtgc tgcctggagc ctcccaggct tggggcagga cactttggtg 1321 ccccccgtgt acactgtcag ccaggcccgg ggctcaagcc cagtgtcact agacctcatc 1381 attcccttcc tgaggccagg gtgctgtgtc ctggtgtggc ggtcagatgt ccagtttgcc 1441 tggaagcacc tcttgtgtcc ggatgtctct tacagacacc tggggctctt gatcctggca 1501 ctgctggccc tcctcaccct actgggtgtt gttctggccc tcacctgccg gcgcccacag 1561 tcaggcccgg gcccagcgcg gccagtgctc ctcctgcacg cggcggactc ggaggcgcag 1621 cggcgcctgg tgggagcgct ggctgaactg ctacgggcag cgctgggcgg cgggcgcgac 1681 gtgatcgtgg acctgtggga ggggaggcac gtggcgcgcg tgggcccgct gccgtggctc 1741 tgggcggcgc ggacgcgcgt agcgcgggag cagggcactg tgctgctgct gtggagcggc 1801 gccgaccttc gcccggtcag cggccccgac ccccgcgccg cgcccctgct cgccctgctc 1861 cacgctgccc cgcgcccgct gctgctgctc gcttacttca gtcgcctctg cgccaagggc 1921 gacatccccc cgccgctgcg cgccctgccg cgctaccgcc tgctgcgcga cctgccgcgt 1981 ctgctgcggg cgctggacgc gcggcctttc gcagaggcca ccagctgggg ccgccttggg 2041 gcgcggcagc gcaggcagag ccgcctagag ctgtgcagcc ggctcgaacg agaggccgcc 2101 cgacttgcag acctaggttg agcagagctc caccgcagtc ccgggtgtct gcggccgcaa 2161 cgcaacggac actggctgga accccggaat gagccttcga ccctgaaatc cttggggtgc 2221 ctcgaggacg actggccgaa aagccgcatt ccctgcctca caggccggaa gtcccagccc 2281 agtccccgcg cgcgtccctc ttcctcctca tactttccct tgactgagag ctcctctaac 2341 ccctgttctg atgggggagg gcggtcttcc cacttcctct ccagaactcc agaaagagca 2401 gtgtgcttat gcttcagtcc aggctggaga ggttggggcc ggggtaggga ggcaggagcc 2461 atgtcagttc tgaaggaggg tgaggcggtg ggggattgca gggggcggct gagagaaaac 2521 ctccttgggg gccagggatt ccctttccca ctctgaggct ctggccagag ggagagagga 2581 ctctggacct aggaaaagag gcttttggct ccaggtggtc aggacagtgg gggttggggg 2641 tggggtgggt gggtgctggc ggtggggacc aagatccgga aagatgaata aagacaaaca 2701 tgacaaacta agaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa

IL-17RE, transcript variant 5, is encoded by the following amino acid sequence (NCBI Accession No. NM_153483 and SEQ ID NO: 32):

MGSSRLAALLLPLLLIVIDLSDSAGIGFRHLPHWNTRCPLASHTDDSFT GSSAYIPCRTWWALFSTKPWCVRVWHCSRCLCQHLLSGGSGLQRGLFHL LVQKSKKSSTFKFYRRHKMPAPAQRKLLPRRHLSEKSHHISIPSPDISH KGLRSKRTQPSDPETWESLPRLDSQRHGGPEFSFDLLPEARAIRVTISS GPEVSVRLCHQWALECEELSSPYDVQKIVSGGHTVELPYEFLLPCLCIE ASYLQEDTVRRKKCPFQSWPEAYGSDFWKSVHFTDYSQHTQMVMALTLR CPLKLEAALCQRHDWHTLCKDLPNATARESDGWYVLEKVDLHPQLCFKF SFGNSSHVECPHQTGSLTSWNVSMDTQAQQLILHFSSRMHATFSAAWSL PGLGQDTLVPPVYTVSQARGSSPVSLDLIIPFLRPGCCVLVWRSDVQFA WKHLLCPDVSYRHLGLLILALLALLTLLGVVLALTCRRPQSGPGPARPV LLLHAADSEAQRRLVGALAELLRAALGGGRDVIVDLWEGRHVARVGPLP WLWAARTRVAREQGTVLLLWSGADLRPVSGPDPRAAPLLALLHAAPRPL LLLAYFSRLCAKGDIPPPLRALPRYRLLRDLPRLLRALDARPFAEATSW GRLGARQRRQSRLELCSRLEREAARLADLG Silencing Expression with MicroRNAs

The invention comprises compositions with means to inhibit the activity of IL-17 or an IL-17R, by delivering microRNA (miRNA) molecules to an ocular or adnexal tissue with an appropriate pharmaceutical carrier. Compositions that comprise a miRNA targeted to either IL-17 or an IL-17R antagonize the function of an IL-17R. The composition comprises one or more miRNA(s) that bind to one or more regions of IL-17 or an IL-17R. The following table contains exemplary miRNAs that have been shown to partially or completely silence the expression of human IL-17 or an IL-17R.

TABLE 1 Summary of miRNAs, their human target genes, nucleotide sequences, and their sequence identifier numbers. Polynucleotide sequence SEQ Target Gene miRNA (5′ to 3′) ID NO: IL-17R miR-24 UGGCUCAGUUCGGAACAG 33 IL-17R miR-378 CUCCUGACUCCAGGUCCUGUGU 34 IL-17R Let-7g UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUACAGU 35 Pharmaceutically-Appropriate Carriers

Exemplary compounds incorporated to facilitate and expedite transdermal delivery of topical compositions into ocular or adnexal tissues include, but are not limited to, alcohol (ethanol, propanol, and nonanol), fatty alcohol (lauryl alcohol), fatty acid (valeric acid, caproic acid and capric acid), fatty acid ester (isopropyl myristate and isopropyl n-hexanoate), alkyl ester (ethyl acetate and butyl acetate), polyol (propylene glycol, propanedione and hexanetriol), sulfoxide (dimethylsulfoxide and decylmethylsulfoxide), amide (urea, dimethylacetamide and pyrrolidone derivatives), surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, polaxamers, spans, tweens, bile salts and lecithin), terpene (d-limonene, alpha-terpeneol, 1,8-cineole and menthone), and alkanone (N-heptane and N-nonane). Moreover, topically-administered compositions comprise surface adhesion molecule modulating agents including, but not limited to, a cadherin antagonist, a selectin antagonist, and an integrin antagonist.

Optionally, the composition further contains a compound selected from the group consisting of a physiological acceptable salt, poloxamer analogs with carbopol, carbopol/hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), carbopol-methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, and petroleum.

Drug Delivery by Contact Lens

The invention comprises a contact lens and a composition that inhibits an activity of an inflammatory interleukin-1 cytokine. For example, the composition is incorporated into or coated onto said lens. The composition is chemically bound or physically entrapped by the contact lens polymer. Alternatively, a color additive is chemically bound or physically entrapped by the polymer composition that is released at the same rate as the therapeutic drug composition, such that changes in the intensity of the color additive indicate changes in the amount or dose of therapeutic drug composition remaining bound or entrapped within the polymer. Alternatively, or in addition, an ultraviolet (UV) absorber is chemically bound or physically entrapped within the contact lens polymer. The contact lens is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

Exemplary materials used to fabricate a hydrophobic lens with means to deliver the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, amefocon A, amsilfocon A, aquilafocon A, arfocon A, cabufocon A, cabufocon B, carbosilfocon A, crilfocon A, crilfocon B, dimefocon A, enflufocon A, enflofocon B, erifocon A, flurofocon A, flusilfocon A, flusilfocon B, flusilfocon C, flusilfocon D, flusilfocon E, hexafocon A, hofocon A, hybufocon A, itabisfluorofocon A, itafluorofocon A, itafocon A, itafocon B, kolfocon A, kolfocon B, kolfocon C, kolfocon D, lotifocon A, lotifocon B, lotifocon C, melafocon A, migafocon A, nefocon A, nefocon B, nefocon C, onsifocon A, oprifocon A, oxyfluflocon A, paflufocon B, paflufocon C, paflufocon D, paflufocon E, paflufocon F, pasifocon A, pasifocon B, pasifocon C, pasifocon D, pasifocon E, pemufocon A, porofocon A, porofocon B, roflufocon A, roflufocon B, roflufocon C, roflufocon D, roflufocon E, rosilfocon A, satafocon A, siflufocon A, silafocon A, sterafocon A, sulfocon A, sulfocon B, telafocon A, tisilfocon A, tolofocon A, trifocon A, unifocon A, vinafocon A, and wilofocon A.

Exemplary materials used to fabricate a hydrophilic lens with means to deliver the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, abafilcon A, acofilcon A, acofilcon B, acquafilcon A, alofilcon A, alphafilcon A, amfilcon A, astifilcon A, atlafilcon A, balafilcon A, bisfilcon A, bufilcon A, comfilcon A, crofilcon A, cyclofilcon A, darfilcon A, deltafilcon A, deltafilcon B, dimefilcon A, droxfilcon A, elastofilcon A, epsilfilcon A, esterifilcon A, etafilcon A, focofilcon A, galyfilcon A, genfilcon A, govafilcon A, hefilcon A, hefilcon B, hefilcon C, hilafilcon A, hilafilcon B, hioxifilcon A, hioxifilcon B, hioxifilcon C, hydrofilcon A, lenefilcon A, licryfilcon A, licryfilcon B, lidofilcon A, lidofilcon B, lotrafilcon A, lotrafilcon B, mafilcon A, mesafilcon A, methafilcon B, mipafilcon A, nelfilcon A, netrafilcon A, ocufilcon A, ocufilcon B, C, ocufilcon D, ocufilcon E, ofilcon A, omafilcon A, oxyfilcon A, pentafilcon A, perfilcon A, pevafilcon A, phemfilcon A, polymacon, senofilcon A, silafilcon A, siloxyfilcon A, surfilcon A, tefilcon A, tetrafilcon A, trilfilcon A, vifilcon A, vifilcon B, and xylofilcon A.

Antibody Compositions:

Compositions of the claimed invention comprise at least one antibody. This antibody is either monoclonal or polyclonal. The claimed antibody targets an intracellular or extracellular IL-17 cytokine or IL-17 receptor, preferably, the IL-17A or F cytokine or the IL-17RA or IL-17RC receptor. This antibody binds to at least one intracellular or extracellular sequence, or epitope, of an IL-17 cytokine or IL-17 receptor. In certain embodiments, the claimed antibody is a single-chain antibody. Alternatively, the antibody is a humanized, recombinant, or chimeric antibody. This antibody is optionally derived from commercially-available antibodies designed for in vitro or in vivo use. The claimed antibody is conjugated directly or indirectly to one or more compound(s) that inhibit or modify the activity of an IL-17 cytokine or an IL-17 receptor. Alternatively, the claimed antibody is an intracellular antibody, or intrabody.

The claimed antibody binds to one or more regions of an IL-17 cytokine. Exemplary regions to which the claimed antibody binds include, but are not limited to, an intracellular domain, an extracellular domain, a catalytic domain, a protein-binding domain, a ligand-binding domain, a scaffolding domain, a signal peptide, a domain of an immature cytokine, a precursor domain, a fibronectin domain, a linker region, a regulatory domain, an oligomerization domain, or a signaling domain.

EXAMPLES Example 1: CD4⁺IL-17⁺ T Cell Abundance in a Mouse Model of DES

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) was induced in mice by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine and placement in controlled-environment chambers. Following induction of DES and an incubation period, the abundance of CD4⁺IL-17⁺ T cells in draining lymph nodes was measured using flow cytometry. For Examples 1-4, the monoclonal anti-mouse IL-17 antibody used was obtained from R&D Systems, Inc. (Clone: 50104, Cat. #MAB421). FIG. 1 shows that the abundance of IL-17-producing CD4⁺ T cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice with DES increases compared to those of healthy controls.

Example 2: IL-17 mRNA Expression in Conjunctiva of DES Mice

IL-17 mRNA transcripts expressed within the conjunctiva of DES versus normal mice was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The conjunctiva is the thin, transparent tissue that covers the outer surface of the eye. This structure begins at the outer edge of the cornea, covering the visible part of the sclera, and lining the inside of the eyelids. DES mice demonstrated a three fold increase in the abundance of IL-17 mRNA transcripts in this structure compared to healthy controls, as shown in FIG. 2.

Example 3: IL-17RA Expression on Ocular Surfaces

IL-17 receptor expression on ocular surfaces was analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy. In contrast to the dramatic upregulation of IL-17 mRNA in the conjunctiva of DES mice, FIG. 3 shows that IL-17RA protein was constitutively expressed on corneal as well as conjunctival epithelium of both DES and control groups.

Example 4: In Vivo Blockade of IL-17 in DES Mice

Healthy and DES mice were intraperitoneally injected with neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibodies to determine the effect of blocking IL-17 activity on both the induction and progression of DES. The results showed a significant decrease in the intensity of clinical signs of DES (measured by corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scoring) during the induction as well as the progression phases of the disease in the anti-IL-17 antibody-treated group as compared to the control antibody-treated group (shown in FIG. 4, panels a and b). Furthermore, lymph nodes and conjunctiva of the anti-IL-17 antibody-treated group showed reductions in the abundance of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-17 mRNA, respectively, compared to the control-antibody treated group (shown in FIG. 4, panels c and d).

FIG. 5 shows the oxford schema for grading corneal and conjunctival staining used for scoring clinical severity in this example.

Example 5: Recovery of Regulatory T-Cell (Treg) Suppressor Function by Anti-IL-17 Therapy

The in vitro Treg suppression assay using CD3 stimulated primed-T cells (isolated from the LN of dry eye mice) and Tregs (isolated from the LN of mice treated with anti-IL-17 or isotype antibodies) shows a significant recovery in the suppressor potential of Tregs only in mice treated with anti-IL-17 antibody (i.p.) compared to those isolated from the isotype antibody treated groups (p=0.029). The suppressor potential of Tregs isolated from different groups is calculated in relation to the suppression potential of Tregs of normal mice, considered as 100% (FIG. 7).

In dry eye disease there is a significant functional loss of Treg suppression of about 50%. Anti-IL-17 antibody treatment promotes Treg function and restores and/or augments Treg-mediated immune suppression.

Example 6: Topical Application of Anti-IL-17 Antibody Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease

FIG. 8A shows a schematic diagram of the experimental design to study the effects of in vivo IL-17 blockade using topical application of anti-IL17-antibody or isotype-antibody on clinical signs. CFS are significantly lower in anti-IL-17 antibody-treated mice compared to isotype antibody-treated and untreated groups (FIGS. 8B and 8C).

Example 7: Topical Application of Anti-IL-17 Antibody Reduces Frequencies of Pathogenic Th17 Cells Both in Conjunctiva and the Draining Lymph Nodes

Conjunctiva and the draining lymph nodes were harvested at Day 10 (as shown in FIG. 8) from Anti-IL17 antibody and Isotype antibody treated mice. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze mRNA expression levels of IL-17 (Th17 cells) and Foxp3 (Treg cells). FIGS. 9A and 9B show that treatment with an anti-IL-17 antibody specifically decreases expression of IL-17 in Th17 cells of the conjunctiva and lymph nodes.

Example 8: Topical Application of Anti-IL-17 Antibody Inhibits Dry Eye Induced Corneal Lymphatic Vessels Via Decreased Secretion of Lymphangiogenesis-Specific Growth Factors, Particularly VEGF-C and D in Dry Eye Corneas

Induction of new lymphatic vessels in dry eye corneas facilitate the migration of resident corneal antigen presenting cells to the draining lymph nodes, which, in turn, induce generation of adaptive immunity to ocular surface. Untreated and control Ab treated Dry Eye groups show an invasion of lymphatic vessels into the cornea (FIG. 10A), compared to Normal cornea. Treatment with anti-IL-17 antibody decreases invasion of lymphatic vessels into the cornea (FIG. 10A). Anti-IL17 antibody treatment decreases mRNA expression of known angiogenic molecules, such as VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 (FIG. 10B).

Example 9: Topical Application of Anti-IL-17 Antibody Maintains the Normal Phenotype of CD11b+ Cells in Cornea

Corneas of Anti-IL-17 antibody-treated group show that similar to normal cornea, majority of CD11b+ cells have phenotype of resident dendritic cells. However, corneas of isotype-antibody treated group show that the phenotype of majority of CD11b+ cells are similar to the infiltrating pathogenic macrophages/monocytes (FIG. 11).

Example 10: Topical Application of Anti-IL-17 Antibody Prevents Corneal Nerve Degeneration

FIG. 12 shows representative micrographs of corneal whole mount depicting epithelial and sub-epithelial nerves (Tubulin-III, Red) in different groups. Patterns of nerves in the corneas of Anti-IL17-antibody treated group show similarity to those in the normal corneas, whereas corneas of isotype-antibody treated group show loss of epithelial nerves.

Example 11: Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Respond to IL-17 Cytokine by Increased Secretion of Lymphangiogenesis-Specific Growth Factors

To delineate the mechanism(s) of IL-17 mediated lymphangiogenesis in the corneas of dry eye mice (as shown in FIG. 4) and to ensure that IL-17 has similar effects on human cornea, primary human corneal epithelial cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of IL-17 and the gene expression levels of different VEGF-species were compared to normal untreated cells (FIG. 14A). Real time PCR analyses show that IL-17 treated human corneal epithelial cells express higher levels of lymphangiogenesis-specific growth factors, particularly VEGF-D (4-fold) and VEGF-C (1.8-fold) compared to untreated cells (FIG. 14B).

Example 12: Topical Application of Anti-IL-17 Antibody Enhances Corneal Nerve Regeneration

Anti-IL-17 antibody treatment is applied to the isotype-antibody treated group of Example 10 or non-treated group of mice. Corneas are treated as described above for Example 10. Anti-IL-17 antibody treatment enhances nerve regeneration such that the amount of nerve fibers associated with damaged corneas is increased compared to untreated or isotype-treated corneas.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

While the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.

The patent and scientific literature referred to herein establishes the knowledge that is available to those with skill in the art. All United States patents and published or unpublished United States patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference. All published foreign patents and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference. Genbank and NCBI submissions indicated by accession number cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference. All other published references, documents, manuscripts and scientific literature cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for reducing the severity of dry eye syndrome comprising identifying a subject characterized as suffering from dry eye syndrome; topically administering directly to an eye of the subject a composition that inhibits binding of an inflammatory interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine to an IL-17A receptor; and inhibiting or reducing eye dryness associated with said dry eye syndrome, thereby reducing the severity of said dry eye syndrome, wherein the composition that inhibits binding of an inflammatory interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine to an IL-17A receptor comprises MAB421; or topically administering directly to an eye of the subject a composition that binds to a human interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) and silences expression of the IL-17R, thereby reducing the severity of said dry eye syndrome, wherein the composition that binds to a human interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) and silences expression of the IL-17R comprises miR-24 (SEQ ID NO:33), miR-378 (SEQ ID NO:34), or let-7g (SEQ ID NO:35), wherein said dry eye syndrome is caused by transplant.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said identifying step comprises detection of a sign or symptom selected from the group consisting of eye dryness, scratching, stinging, itching, burning, irritation, pain, redness, inflammation, discharge, and excessive watering, and wherein said method inhibits or reduces the severity of at least one of said signs or symptoms.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises sequential or simultaneous administration of a composition that inhibits binding of an inflammatory IL-17 cytokine to an IL-17 receptor and a secondary composition.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the form of said composition is a solid, an ointment, a gel, a liquid, an aerosol, a mist, a polymer, a contact lens, a film, an emulsion, or a suspension.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said method does not comprise systemic administration or substantial dissemination to non-ocular tissue.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a physiologically acceptable salt, poloxamer analogs with carbopol, carbopol/HPMC, carbopol-methyl cellulose, a mucolytic agent, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, and petroleum.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises administration of both a composition that inhibits binding of an inflammatory IL-17A cytokine to an IL-17A receptor and a second composition comprising one or more inflammatory antagonist(s).
 8. The method of claim 3, wherein said secondary composition inhibits an activity of an inflammatory cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said transplant comprises corneal transplant.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said corneal transplant comprises keratoprosthesis. 